Anton Vladimirovich Dumansky

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Cyrillic ( Ukrainian )
Антон Володимирович Думанський
Transl. : Anton Volodymyrovyč Dumans'kyj
Transcr. : Anton Volodymyrowytsch Dumanskyj
Cyrillic ( Russian )
Антон Владимирович Думанский
Transl .: Anton Vladimirovič Dumansky
Transcr .: Anton Vladimirovich Dumansky

Anton Vladimirovich Dumanski (born June 8 jul. / 20th June  1880 greg. In Ivanovo-Voznesensk , Vladimir province , Russian Empire ; † 14. May 1967 in Kiev , Ukrainian SSR ) was a Soviet chemist Ukrainian origin and one of the founders of Colloid chemistry in the Soviet Union.

Life

Anton Dumanskis father was Ukrainians from the Austro-Hungarian Transcarpathia and moved due to the local magyarization to Ivanovo-Voznesensk, today Ivanovo in Ivanovo the Russian Federation , where Anton Dumanski 1880 was born.

He graduated from the Kiev Polytechnic Institute in 1903 and worked there as a scientist until 1913. From 1912 he taught colloidal chemistry at the St. Vladimir University of Kiev and from 1913 to 1930 he was professor and rector of the Voronezh Agricultural Institute . In 1930 he was the initiator and organizer of the Voronezh Chemical-Technological Institute , where he worked as a professor until 1941. In 1933 he became a corresponding member of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR and in 1935 he was the founder and since then editor of the "Colloidal Journal" ( Колоїдний журнал ). From 1933 to 1941 he was also professor and dean of Voronezh University and, during the same period, director and organizer of the Voronezh State Scientific Research Institute for Colloid Chemistry . Since 1940 he was a member of the CPSU . Between 1941 and 1943 he was a professor at the Kazakh University in Alma-Ata and then until 1945 he was professor and head of the laboratory of the Union Research Institute for Chemistry of the Ministry of Food Industry of the USSR in Moscow .

After the Second World War he moved to Kiev, where he became a member of the Academy of Sciences of the Ukrainian SSR in 1945 . From 1946 to 1960 he was director of the Institute for General and Inorganic Chemistry, named after VI Vernadski of the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences , from 1960 to 1965 he was head of the laboratory there and from 1965 to 1967 senior scientist . He was also a professor and head of department at Kiev University between 1946 and 1952.

He died in Kiev in 1967 at the age of 86 and was buried there in the Baikowe Cemetery .

plant

Dumanski introduced physical research methods into colloidal chemistry. He observed an increase in the concentration of salts when gelatin was added to their solution , which later helped establish the role of water associated with colloidal particles. In order to be able to study the properties of the environment of the colloidal particles ( dispersion medium ), in 1908 he introduced membranes made of collodion instead of the use of animals, which were later widely used in chemistry and biology. He also introduced powerful centrifuges to measure the value of colloidal particles.

His work and that of his students on the solvation of colloidal systems have led to significant changes in the theory and technical application of several branches of practical areas of colloid chemistry (agronomy, sugar, fermentation, starch flotation, bakery and other industries). His work led to the development of the theory of bound water and new methods of its definition. Anton Dumanski has published 240 scientific papers.

Honors

  • In 1980, on the occasion of his 100th birthday, the Institute of Colloid Chemistry and Water Chemistry of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine was named after him
  • In 1973 a memorial plaque was placed in downtown Kiev in memory of him
  • 1950 Honored Worker of Science and Technology of the Ukrainian SSR
  • 1945 Academician of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR
  • 1942 Honored Worker of Science and Technology of the Kazakh SSR
  • 1933 Corresponding member of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR
  • Order of Lenin (2 ×)
  • Order of the Red Banner of Labor

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g PDF file of the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sport of the Starokostiantynivsky District State Administration 2017 , page 26; accessed on May 20, 2018 (Ukrainian)
  2. ↑ a b c d e f g h i Entry on Anton Dumanskyj in the Ukrainian Soviet Encyclopedia ; accessed on May 20, 2018 (Ukrainian)
  3. ↑ a b c Biography of Anton Dumanski ( memento of August 17, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) on the official website of the Institute for Colloid Chemistry and Water Chemistry named after AW Dumanski of the NAS of Ukraine; accessed on May 20, 2018 (Ukrainian)
  4. ↑ Baikowe Cemetery - The Kiev Necropolis ; accessed on May 20, 2018 (Russian)
  5. ↑ Biography Anton Dumanski in the Great biographical Encyclopedia (2009); accessed on May 20, 2018 (Russian)
  6. ↑ About the Institute for Colloid Chemistry and Water Chemistry named after AW Dumanski of the NAS of Ukraine ( Memento from January 16, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) on the official website of the institute; accessed on May 20, 2018 (Ukrainian)
  7. ↑ Anton Dumanskyj memorial plaque on Geo-Kiev ; accessed on 2018 (ukrainian)
personal data
SURNAME Dumanski, Anton Wladimirowitsch
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Думанский, Антон Владимирович (Russian); Думанський, Антон Володимирович (Ukrainian); Dumanskyj, Anton (transcribed in Ukrainian)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Soviet chemist of Ukrainian origin and one of the founders of colloid chemistry in the Soviet Union
DATE OF BIRTH June 20, 1880
PLACE OF BIRTH Ivanovo-Voznesensk , Vladimir Governorate , Russian Empire
DATE OF DEATH May 14, 1967
Place of death Kiev , Ukrainian SSR , Soviet Union