Spear blades

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Spear blades
Broad-leaved spear leaf (Anubias barteri) (small) and different-leaved spear leaf (Anubias heterophylla) (large) in the aquarium.

Broad-leaved spear leaf ( Anubias barteri ) (small) and different-leaved spear leaf ( Anubias heterophylla ) (large) in the aquarium .

Systematics
Monocots
Order : Frog-spoon-like (Alismatales)
Family : Arum family (Araceae)
Subfamily : Aroideae
Tribe : Anubiadeae
Genre : Spear blades
Scientific name of the  tribe
Anubiadeae
Engl.
Scientific name of the  genus
Anubias
Bulkhead

The spear sheets ( anubias ) are the only genus of the tribe Anubiadeae within the plant family of Araceae (Araceae). Some species are used in the aquarium hobby . They are swamp and aquatic plants in swamps or at the edge of waters of tropical to subtropical West and Central Africa .

The scientific genus name Anubias is reminiscent of the Egyptian god Anubis .

description

Broad-leaved spear leaf ( Anubias barteri var. Barteri ) leaves and inflorescence
Multi-leaved spear blade ( Anubias heterophylla )
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The Speerblatt types are perennial herbaceous plants . They thrive as swamp and aquatic plants . They form rhizomes . The simple leaves are mostly stalked.

The unisexual flowers are small and inconspicuous and a bulbous inflorescence ( spadix combined) surrounded by a bract ( spathe is enclosed). There are berries formed.

Systematics and distribution

The genus Anubias was established in 1857 by Heinrich Wilhelm Schott in Oesterreichisches Botanisches Wochenblatt , Volume 7, p. 398. Amauriella Rendle is a synonym for Anubias Schott . The type species is Anubias afzelii Schott .

Anubias is the only genus of the tribe Anubiadeae in the subfamily Aroideae within the family Araceae .

Generic name

The scientific genus name Anubias is based on the name of the Egyptian god of the dead Anubis , as the plants can be found in the shade of tropical and subtropical rainforests in Africa. The spear blades need little light compared to other plants. Thus, in the hobby and also in nature the most common type or is variety Anubias barteri var. Barteri very tolerant of poor growing conditions, the type " thrives in low light (0.25 W / L) and without CO2 supply ". On the other hand, the generic name Anubias and its reference to the name of the Egyptian god Anubis is explained because these plants contain " poisonous oxalic acid ". The German genus name Speerblatt refers to the shape of the leaf.

Ecological niche

The roots of the rhizomes often adhere to large stones or tree trunks. Anubias can grow over water ( emersed ) or semi-emersed or sometimes completely under water ( submerged ). Then usually only the flower stalk protrudes above the water surface. The plants are adapted to changing water levels and to locations with little light.

Use in aquariums and aquaterrariums

Anubias are hard, insensitive plants that are hardly eaten. For example, they are recommended for decoration when keeping cichlids . They can also be used at low light levels. Losses in invertebrates such as dwarf shrimp have been reported from time to time after rhizomes have been divided in the tanks to reproduce. The thesis was put forward that calcium oxalate contained in them in the form of water-insoluble crystal needles could be the cause of such losses. When injured or crushed, special plant cells ( idioblasts ) throw these calcium oxalate raphids outwards. Penetrating the shrimp's organism, according to the thesis, they could cause damage that could lead to death. Therefore, it is recommended to share Anubias outside of the aquarium or aquaterrarium. Then the " interfaces should be rinsed thoroughly under running water ". " Even safer " is " watering for several days before the plants are used again ".

species

The genus Spear Leaves ( Anubias ) includes about eight species:

  • Anubias afzelli Schott : Afzelius' Speerblatt , named after Adam Afzelius , occurs in Senegal , Guinea , Sierra Leone and Mali .
  • Anubias barteri Schott : It occurs with six varieties in West Africa in Cameroon , Gabon and the Congo :
    • Broad-leaved spear blade ( Anubias barteri Schott var. Barteri ), so named in 1860: It occurs in southeastern Nigeria, in Cameroon and on Bioko .
    • Narrow-leaved spear blade ( Anubias barteri var. Angustifolia (Engl.) Crusio , Syn .: Anubias lanceolata f. Angustifolia Engl. ), So named 1979: It occurs in Guinea, Liberia, Ivory Coast and Cameroon.
    • Caladium- leaved Speerblatt ( Anubias barteri Schott var. Caladiifolia Engl. ), So named in 1915 after the similarity of the leaves with those of Caladium : It occurs in Nigeria, Cameroon, Gabon and on Bioko.
    • Bald spear blade ( Anubias barteri Schott var. Glabra N.E. Brown , Syn .: Anubias lanceolata N.E. Brown ), so named in 1901: It occurs from Guinea to Gabon.
    • Coffee-leaved spear blade ( Anubias barteri var. Cofeifolia Kasselmann )
    • Dwarf spear blade ( Anubias barteri var. Nana (Engl.) Crusio ), so named in 1979. The dwarf spear blade occurs only in Cameroon.
  • Giant Spear Blade ( Anubias gigantea A.Chev. Ex Hutch. , Syn .: Anubias hastifolia var. Robusta Engl. ): It occurs in Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia , the Ivory Coast and Togo .
  • Anubias gilletii De Wild. & T.Durand : The plant named after the collector J. Gillet (1866–1943) occurs from Nigeria and Cameroon to the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
  • Triangular spear blade ( Anubias gracilis A. Chev. Ex Hutch. ): It occurs only in Guinea and Sierra Leone and is rarely found in the trade
  • Spearblade ( Anubias hastifolia Engl. ), Occurs in Ghana , Nigeria, Cameroon, Gabon and the Democratic Republic of the Congo , also in Angola. In its vegetative state, it cannot be reliably distinguished from Anubias pynaertii .
  • Different-leaved Speerblatt or Congo-Speerblatt, ( Anubias heterophylla Engl. , Syn .: Anubias congensis N.E. Brown ), so named in 1870. It occurs from Cameroon to the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Angola .
  • Anubias pynaertii De Wild. : It occurs in Gabon, Congo and the Democratic Republic of the Congo and is named after the collector Léon Auguste Edouard Joseph Pynaert (1876–1968).

swell

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Christel Kasselmann: aquarium plants . 1999, p. 96.
  2. ^ W. Crusio : A revision of Anubias Schott (Araceae). (Primitiae Africanae XII) . In: Mededelingen Landbouwhogeschool Wageningen . 79, No. 14, 1979, pp. 1-48.
  3. ↑ Wim E. Crusio: The genus Anubias SCHOTT (Araceae) . In: AquaPlanta . Special Issue, No. 1, 1987, pp. 1-44.
  4. ↑ First publication scanned at biodiversitylibrary.org .
  5. ^ Anubias at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, accessed August 16, 2014.
  6. ^ Anubias in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved August 16, 2014.
  7. ↑ a b c Speerblatt in general . schwarzwasser-aquarium.de. Retrieved November 3, 2019.
  8. ↑ a b Anubias barteri var. Barteri . flowgrow.de. Retrieved November 3, 2019.
  9. ↑ Anubias poisonous for shrimp? . aquamax.de. Retrieved November 3, 2019.
  10. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Anubias. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved April 13, 2020.
  11. ↑ Christel Kasselmann: aquarium plants. 1999, p. 104.
  12. ↑ Christel Kasselmann: aquarium plants. 1999, p. 105.
  13. ↑ Christel Kasselmann: aquarium plants. 1999, p. 106.
  14. ↑ Christel Kasselmann: aquarium plants. 1999, p. 108.

Web links

Commons : Spear Blades ( Anubias )  - Collection of images, videos and audio files