Aonio Paleario

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Aonio Paleario , actually Aonio della Pagliara (* 1503 in Veroli ; † July 3, 1570 in Rome ) was an Italian humanist , rhetorician and reformer who was accused, condemned and hanged as a heretic by the Inquisition .

Live and act

Aonio Paleario was the son of the dealer Matteo della Pagliara from Salerno and Clara Jannarilli from Veroli. Orphaned at an early age, he came under the supervision of the notary Giovanni Martelli and Ennio Filonardi, the bishop of his hometown Veroli. In 1520 he went to Rome to study ancient languages ​​and philosophy. In 1523 he attended lectures with the rhetorician Piero Valeriano , in 1525 philosophy lessons with Ludovico Boccadiferro , Pietro Alconcio and Lazzaro Bonamico . During the Sacco di Roma , the sack of Rome by the mercenary armies, he evaded to Siena in 1527 , where he could read the writings of Homer and Virgil . In 1529 he was briefly with Filonardi in Perugia , then in 1530 in Siena and from 1532 in Padova . Here he defended Antonio Bellanti from Siena in court, who was charged with violating the wage law. He also got to know the reform-oriented church circles around Pietro Bembo , Benedetto Lampridio , Gasparo Contarini and Reginald Pole .

Around 1534 Paleario read works by Erasmus of Rotterdam , Martin Luther , Philipp Melanchton and the biblical writings. And he joined the rediscovered evangelical insight of justification by faith. He processed this knowledge in a religious poem in Latin De immortalitate animorum , which appeared in Lyon in 1536 .

In 1537 Paleario married Marietta Guidotti and had two sons and three daughters with her, with whom he lived in Cecignano, in Colle Val d'Elsa , near Siena, and worked as a private teacher.

As part of the Counter-Reformation in Rome in 1542, Paleario was accused of having written a heretical treatise entitled Libellus de morte Christi . The ecclesiastical court, presided over by Archbishop of Siena Francesco Bandini Piccolomini , acquitted him on December 12th for insufficient evidence, but he was unable to fill the chair of Latin literature in Siena. At the end of 1544 he sent a letter to Martin Luther, Philipp Melanchthon, Martin Bucer and Johannes Calvin , in which he expressed his hope that a reconciliation with the Catholic Church would still be possible. In 1546 he was appointed as a rhetorician at the high school in Lucca , where he taught until 1555. There he probably wrote his caustic attack on the papacy, Actio in pontifices romanos et eorum asseclas . The work first appeared in Leipzig in 1606 and in Amsterdam in 1696 .

Since his reformatory-minded friends and protectors in Lucca were increasingly forced to flee, he went to Milan , which was closer to his evangelical colleagues. There he worked as a university lecturer for Greek and Latin languages. The poet Publio Francesco Spinola and Cardinal Cristoforo Madruzzo became his friends. He corresponded with Celio Secondo Curione since 1551, and Theodor Zwinger , Bonifacius and Basilius Amerbach , Johannes Oporinus and Tommaso Guarino published his works in Basel . In 1559 he was accused by Fra Vittorio of Florence at the Inquisition , in 1560 acquitted again by the Inquisitor Fra Angelo of Cremona . In Milan he maintained contact by letters with the reformers Philipp Melanchton , Martin Bucer and Johannes Calvin . Now he wanted to call a general council into being and thus help the Reformation to break through in northern Italy.

After Pope Pius V took office in 1567, the Milanese Inquisitor Fra Angelo of Cremona brought him under renewed charges of heretics, and the following year he was sent to Rome on May 2nd to continue the trial. There he was imprisoned for two years in Tor di Nona prison and was pressured to renounce his evangelical faith. Since he refused, he was hanged and burned as an unrepentant heretic on July 3, 1570 .

Memorial Day and Memories

Fonts

  • De immortalitate animorum , Sébastien Gryphe, Lyon 1536 and 1552.
  • Libellus de morte Christi , 1542.
    • Le Bienfait de Jésus-Christ Crucifié , translated by Louis Bonnet in 1856; Reprinted by ThéoTeX, Independently, 2017, ISBN 978-1-5220-6445-9 .
    • The highly useful writing of the benefit of Jesus Christ the crucified against the Christians , Dörffling & Franke, Leipzig 1857; Reprinted by Nabu Press, 2012, ISBN 978-1-272-75407-5 .
    • The Benefit of Christ's Death , reprinted by Franklin Classics, 2018, ISBN 978-0-343-48582-5 .
  • Praefatio De ratione studiorum , Francesco e Simone Moscheni, Milan 1555.
  • Dialogo intitolato il Grammatico overo delle false essercitationi delle scuole , Francesco Franceschini, Venice 1567.
  • Actio in pontifices romanos et eorum asseclas , Heidelberg 1600, Leipzig 1606 and Amsterdam 1696
  • Dell'Economia o vero del Governo della Casa , Olschki, 1983, ISBN 978-88-222-3160-4

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Aonio Paleario on website reformingtoscripture.com (English)
  2. ↑ [1]
  3. ↑ Chiara Quaranta: Paleario, Aonio ; Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani, Volume 80, Treccani 2014 (Italian)
personal data
SURNAME Paleario, Aonio
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Aonio della Pagliara
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Italian humanist and evangelical martyr
DATE OF BIRTH 1503
PLACE OF BIRTH Veroli
DATE OF DEATH July 3, 1570
Place of death Rome