Aprilis

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Aprilis was initially the second month of the year in office of the Roman calendar and a precursor to April . The month of Aprilis originally had 29 days; its etymology is already controversial in antiquity: while the calendar of Marcus Fulvius Nobilior in the temple of Hercules Musarum suggests the origin of the Greek name of the goddess of love Venus , Aphrodite , the polyhistor Marcus Terentius Varro derives it from the Latin word aperire for "open" which referred to the vegetation in the "month of rising".

In 153 BC Chr. Was the beginning of the year in office on January 1 laid, which is why the month Aprilis moved in the Official year to the fourth place. After the calendar reform of Gaius Iulius Caesar , the Julian calendar began in 45 BC. By inserting an additional day an extension to 30 days.

Days of Aprilis in the Roman calendar

A part of this table needs to be revised: If the Tubilustrium (as an opponent to the Nones ) takes place in contrast to these a Nundinum AFTER the Ides , then it should always open in this month (and all others except Martius , Maius , Iulius and October ) fall on the 21st instead of the 23rd.
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Day characters and dates of the month
Day Roman name Nundinae Day character Festive events
1 K A. F.
2 IV (ante diem NON ) B. F.
3 III C. C.
4th PR (pridie NON) D. C. Ludi Megalenses , in honor of Magna Mater
5 NON E. N "FORTI VBL" Ludi Megalenses
6th VIII (ante diem EID ) F. N Ludi Megalenses
7th VII G N Ludi Megalenses
8th VI H N Ludi Megalenses
9 V A. N Ludi Megalenses
10 IV B. N + EN Ludi Megalenses
11 III C. N (M • D • M • I) Ludi Megalenses (consecration to Magna Mater )
12 PR (pridie EID) D. N Ludi Cereris ( Cerialia , in honor of Ceres )
13 EID (EIDVS) E. NP " JOVI VICTOR ION LEIBERT", Ludi Cereris
14th XVII (ante diem K Maias ) D. N Ludi Cereris
15th XVI G NP "FORDI" Ludi Cereris, Fordicidien (in honor of Tellus )
16 XV H N Ludi Cereris
17th XIV A. N Ludi Cereris
18th XIII B. N Ludi Cereris
19th XII C. NP "CERIA" Ludi Cereris (consecration to Ceres )
20th XI D. N
21st X E. NP "PARIL" "ROMA COND", Parilia (in honor of Pales )
22nd IX F. N + QRCF
23 VIII ( Tubilustrium ) G F "VINAL" Vinalia Priora , in honor of Jupiter
24 VII H C + QRCF
25th VI A. NP "R OBIG" Robigalia with a race, (in honor of Robigus )
26th V B. C.
27 IV C. C.
28 III D. C.
29 PR (pridie K Maias) E. C.

Days of April in the Julian calendar

Day characters and dates of the month
Day Roman name Nundinae Day character Festive events
1 K C. Veneralia , in honor of Venus
2 IV (ante diem NON ) D.
3 III E.
4th PR (pridie NON) F. Ludi Megalenses , in honor of Magna Mater
5 NON G F "FORTI VBL" Ludi Megalenses
6th VIII (ante diem EID ) H Ludi Megalenses
7th VII A. Ludi Megalenses
8th VI B. Ludi Megalenses
9 V C. Ludi Megalenses
10 IV D. Ludi Megalenses
11 III E. Ludi Megalenses (consecration to Magna Mater )
12 PR (pridie EID) F. Ludi Cereris ( Cerialia , in honor of Ceres )
13 EID (EIDVS) G NP " JOVI VICTOR ION LEIBERT", Ludi Cereris
14th XVIII (ante diem K Maias ) H Ludi Cereris
15th XVII A. "FORDI" Ludi Cereris, Fordicidien (in honor of Tellus )
16 XVI B. Ludi Cereris
17th XV C. Ludi Cereris
18th XIV D. Ludi Cereris
19th XIII E. "CERIA" Ludi Cereris (consecration to Ceres )
20th XII F.
21st XI G "PARIL" "ROMA COND", Parilia (in honor of Pales )
22nd X H QRCF
23 XIV ( Tubilustrium ) A. "VINAL" Vinalia Priora , in honor of Jupiter
24 VIII B. QRCF
25th VII C. "R OBIG" Robigalia with a race, (in honor of Robigus )
26th VI D.
27 V E.
28 IV F. Floralia
29 III G Floralia, Caesar's insertion day 45 BC Chr.
30th PR (pridie K Maias) H Floralia, April 29th of the Roman calendar

See also

literature

  • Jörg Rüpke : The religion of the Romans. Beck, Munich 2006, ISBN 3-406-47175-7 .
  • Jörg Rüpke: Calendar and Public: The History of Representation and Religious Qualification of Time in Rome. de Gruyter, Berlin 1995, ISBN 3-11-014514-6 .

Web links

Wiktionary: Aprilis  - explanations of meanings, word origins, synonyms, translations

References and comments

  1. ↑ Jörg Rüpke Tempel, data rituals. In: Elke Stein-Hölkeskamp (Hrsg.): Places of remembrance of antiquity. Volume 1. pp. 562f.
  2. ↑ In the Fasti only the numbers were given without accompanying text, for example: Instead of ante diem III Nonas Apriles only III .