Rheum palmatum
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Ornamental rhubarb ( Rheum palmatum ) |
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| Rheum palmatum | ||||||||||||
| L. |
Rheum palmatum L. , (Syn .: Rheum potaninii Losinsk. , Rheum qinlingense Y.K.Yang, JKWu & DKZhang , Rheum tanguticum (Maxim. Ex Regel) Maxim. Ex Balf. Or Rheum officinale Baill. ) Is a species of the knotweed family (Polygonaceae). In German it is called, for example,hand- lobed rhubarb or hand-shaped rhubarb, ornamental rhubarb , crown rhubarb , tangut rhubarb, medicinal rhubarb, medicinal rhubarb, Chinese rhubarb or canton rhubarb.
description
Rheum palmatum is a large, vigorous, perennial, herbaceous plant that reaches heights of 1.5 to 2 meters. The roots and rhizomes are also strong. The stem is hollow and grooved. Its nodes are almost bare or prickly. The basal leaves have an elongated, round petiole that is about as long as the blade and is hardly warty. The large leaf blade of the basal leaves is about as long as it is wide and measures 40 to 60 centimeters. There are five basal leaf veins . The heart-shaped leaf base is finger-shaped divided into pinnate lobes. The end of the leaf is pointed or tapers to a point. The stem leaves become smaller towards the top. The Ochrea are large and reach up to 15 centimeters. Their outside is prickly.
The inflorescence is a large panicle , the slightly downy, hairy branches of which touch but are not fused together. The 2 to 2.5 millimeter long peduncle is divided below its center. The flowers are small. The 6 bloom bracts are mostly purple, less often yellow-white. The three outer bracts are elliptical to circular in shape and 1 to 1.5 millimeters in size. The stamens do not protrude beyond the flower envelope . The ovary is rhombic-ovate. The stylus are slightly bent back. The scar is puffed up.
The fruit is oblong-ellipsoidal to oblong and measures 8 to 9 × 7 to 7.5 millimeters. Their wings are about 2.5 millimeters wide and there are longitudinal veins near their edge. The seeds are black-brown and broadly ovate.
The flowering time in China is in June. The fruits ripen in August.
Occurrence
The distribution area of Rheum palmatum includes the Chinese provinces of Gansu, Hubei, Nei Mongol, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Xizang and Yunnan. Rheum palmatum grows on slopes and in valleys at altitudes of 1500 to 4400 meters.
use
The typical ingredients of the roots and rhizomes of Rheum palmatum are anthraquinones , flavonoids , phenol carboxylic acids and tannins . They are used medicinally in phytotherapy as Rhei radix ( rhubarb root ), for example for constipation .
Russian rhubarb monopoly
After China had opened up for trade relations with Russia in 1653, Russia claimed a monopoly for trade in the Chinese rhubarb root (Radix Rhei) from 1704. This monopoly was limited to Kjachta Square in 1728 , where from 1736 a special official control station for the rhubarb trade was set up. The trade route continued from Kjachta across the Asian steppe to Moscow and St. Petersburg, from where the goods were then shipped to Europe.
A rhubarb commission in Kjachta , chaired by the pharmacist Johann August Carl Sievers from Peine , was supposed to find details about the country of origin of the best rhubarb that was suspected to be in Gansu and Tibet at the end of the 18th century . The aim of the commission was to gain independence from imports through knowledge of the cultivation methods and cultivation conditions of medicinal rhubarb, as well as through possession of the original seeds.
Individual evidence
- ↑ Rheum palmatum at the Bavarian Botanical Information Node ( Memento of the original from December 19, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Eckehart J. Jäger, Friedrich Ebel, Peter Hanelt, Gerd K. Müller (eds.): Rothmaler - Exkursionsflora von Deutschland. Volume 5: Herbaceous ornamental and useful plants . Spectrum Academic Publishing House, Berlin Heidelberg 2008, ISBN 978-3-8274-0918-8 , p. 208 .
- ↑ Ulrich Bomme: Culture instructions for medicinal rhubarb (Rheum palmatum and R. officinale) for the production of Rhei radix or the TCM drug Dahuang. Publisher: Bavarian State Research Center for Agriculture (LfL). (Digitized version)
- ↑ Jean-Baptiste Du Halde . Detailed description of the Chinese Empire and the great tartarey. Johann Christian Koppe, Volume 3, Rostock 1749, p. 520 (digitized version)
- ^ Friedrich August Flückiger . Pharmacognosy of the Plant Kingdom . 2nd edition, Rudolf Gärtner, Berlin 1881, pp. 364–381. Here: pp. 379–380 (digitized version )
- ↑ Walther Heissig (editor). Reports and pictures by J. Rehmann and A. Thesleff from the Russian legation trip in 1805/06 . Steiner, Wiesbaden 1971 (Directory of Oriental Manuscripts in Germany, Suppl. 13), p. 13
- ↑ Joseph Rehmann . About the rhubarb trade in Kiächta . In: Hufelands Journal der Heilkunde , Volume 33. 1811, St. July 1st. Pp. 54-78. (Digitized version) About the trade in Siberian musk . In :: Hufelands Journal der Heilkunde , Volume 33. 1811, St. July 1st. Pp. 78-79. (Digitized version)
- ^ Heinrich Julius Klaproth . Mémoires relatifs à l'Asie . I, Paris 1826, pp. 1-80: De la frontière Russe et Chinoise. Notes recueillies pendant un voyage en Sibérie en 1806 . (Digitized version) Note on rhubarb: pp. 72–73 Note 1 (digitized version)
literature
- Anjen Li, Bojian Bao, Alisa E. Grabovskaya-Borodina, Suk-pyo Hong, John McNeill, Sergei L. Mosyakin, Hideaki Ohba, Chong-wook Park: Polygonaceae , In: Wu Zhengyi, Peter H. Raven, Deyuan Hong (eds .): Flora of China . Volume 5: Ulmaceae through Basellaceae . Science Press / Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing / St. Louis 2003, ISBN 1-930723-27-X (English). ( online )
