Atropanthe sinensis
| Atropanthe sinensis | ||||||||||||
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Atropanthe sinensis |
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| Scientific name of the genus | ||||||||||||
| Atropanthe | ||||||||||||
| Pascher | ||||||||||||
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| Atropanthe sinensis | ||||||||||||
| ( Hemsl. ) Pascher |
Atropanthe sinensis is the only species of the Atropanthe plant genus withinthe nightshade family (Solanaceae). It is endemic to south- central China .
description
Vegetative characteristics
Atropanthe sinensis grows as a perennial herbaceous plant to subshrub and reaches heights of 0.5 to 1 meters. A strong rhizome is formed as a permanent organ. The above-ground parts of the plant are not hairy with trichomes .
The leaves are divided into a petiole and a leaf blade. The petiole in 1 to 4 cm long. The simple, entire leaf blade is ovate, broadly ovate or ovate-elliptical and long with a length of rarely 4 cm to usually 10 to 22 cm.
blossoms
The flowers are solitary, nodding in the stem axils. The flower stalks are up to 2.5 cm long. The hermaphrodite flowers are zygomorphic and five-fold with a double flower envelope . The calyx is bell-shaped-urn-shaped and 15 to 29 mm long. The five calyx lobes are slightly different in length, slightly shorter than the calyx tube and almost as wide as they are long. The yellow-green corolla is weakly zygomorphic and cylindrical-bell-shaped. It has a length of 32 to 42 mm. The corolla lobes are of different lengths, curled upwards, but not ear-shaped, slightly elongated or wider than long. The tips of the tips are blunt or rounded.
The stamens do not protrude beyond the crown, they consist of stamens of different lengths that are rolled up in a ring in the flower buds and bent during flowering. They are fused with the crown about 5 mm from the lower edge and have very short trichomes . The anthers are fixed ventrally , 5 to 5.5 mm long and thus only reach about 1/4 to 1/5 the length of the stamens. The pollen are almost spherical to spherical and medium-sized with 47 to 49 µm, the three germinal folds are on the pollen equator (trizonocolpat). The pollen grain wall (exine) is grooved and wrinkled.
Fruits and seeds
The fruit is a special form of the dry capsule fruit called Pyxidium , which nods within the calyx, which is 2.9 to 3.8 cm in length. The pyxidium has a diameter of 18 to 20 mm and is spherical, the calyx is urn-shaped to bubble-shaped and open at the tip. The fruits contain 40 to 50 seeds that are 2.8 to 3.2 mm long, 2.5 to 2.9 mm wide and 2 to 2.5 mm thick. The seed coat (testa) is thick, the surface pitted. The embryo is slightly curved, endosperm is abundant.
Chromosome set
A single examination of the genetic material carried out on material from cultivated plants resulted in a basic chromosome number of x = 12.
Occurrence
Atropanthe sinensis is endemic to an area in south-central China that includes northwestern Guizhou , western Hubei , southeastern Sichuan, and northeastern Yunnan .
Atropanthe sinensis thrives at altitudes of 1400 to 3000 meters in moist locations along ditches and in forests.
use
Atropanthe sinensis is used to extract tropane alkaloids . The roots serve as a remedy for muscle spasms and pain.
Systematics
In the systematics of the nightshade family according to Armando Hunziker , the genus Atropanthe is classified in the tribe Hyoscyameae, in which there are six Eurasian genera, only the genus Hyoscyamus is distributed as far as North Africa. According to Hunziker, the tribe is placed in the subfamily Solanoideae.
This assignment could be confirmed by phylogenetic studies and can also be found in the Richard Olmstead system.
proof
literature
- Armando T. Hunziker: The Genera of Solanaceae . ARG Gantner Verlag KG, Ruggell, Liechtenstein 2001. ISBN 3-904144-77-4 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e f Zhi-Yun Zhang, Anmin Lu, William G. D'Arcy: Atropanthe und Atropanthe sinensis , p. 330 - online with the same text as the printed work , In: ZY Wu, PH Raven (ed.): Flora of China , Volume 17, Verbenaceae through Solanaceae , Science Press, Beijing and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis, 1994.
- ^ Richard G. Olmstead et al .: A molecular phylogeny of the Solanaceae . In: Taxon , Volume 57, Number 4, November 2008. pp. 1159-1181.
