Australian Labor Party
| Australian Labor Party Australian Labor Party |
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| Party leader |
Anthony Albanese President Wayne Swan |
| Secretary General | Noah Carroll |
| vice-chairman | Tanya Plibersek |
| founding | May 8, 1901 |
| Headquarters | 5/9 Sydney Avenue Barton ACT |
| Youth organization | Australian Young Labor |
| newspaper | The Labor Herald |
| Alignment | Social democracy |
| Colours) | red |
| House of Representatives |
68/150 |
| senate |
26/76 |
| Number of members | 53,930 (2014) |
| International connections | Progressive Alliance |
| Website | www.alp.org.au |
The Australian Labor Party (also ALP ) was founded in 1891 and is the oldest federal political party in Australia . The party is similar to the Labor Party in Great Britain . She belongs to the Progressive Alliance and a. from 2007 to 2013 the government.
Surname
In the early years the ALP was called Labor und Labor . In 1908 it was called the Australian Labor Party , and in 1912 the party name was finally changed to Labor . It is common practice that in Australian English (similar to the British ) ou instead o is written . The change, which came under the influence of the American trade union movement and the American- born radical democratic politician King O'Malley , was intended to illustrate the modernity of the party in contrast to the labor movement and the Democratic Labor Party .
history
1891 to 1915
At the end of almost 40 years of economic prosperity in Australia , which was characterized by gold discoveries, heavy immigration, successful reclamation of agricultural land and increasing exports of agricultural goods, a deep economic crisis set in in Australia in the early 1890s, which began with the collapse of banks . This era, called the Golden Age , resulted in a prolonged economic depression. The labor movement in Australia resisted its economic losses through several strikes, such as the maritime strike of 1890, the two sheep shearers strikes in 1891 and 1884, and the Broken Hill strike in 1892 . The Australian Labor Party, which stood up for the interests of the workers, was founded from the strike experiences and defeats, in particular the sheep shearers strike of 1891. (The then founding manifesto of the Queensland Labor Party is now recognized as World Document Heritage ). One of the strike leaders, Thomas Joseph Ryan , who was imprisoned during the sheep shear strike in 1891, was the future Prime Minister of Queensland from 1915 to 1919 and a member of the ALP. Some of the eight members of his cabinet were also activists in the sheep shearers strike of 1891. With its pro-worker policies, Ryan's government set an example for later Australian Labor governments, particularly with regard to reforms in labor and agricultural workers' rights. This policy secured the ALP's government power in Queensland until 1957 after this first election victory.
The Australian elections to a state in 1901 were viewed as a plebiscite about the future general economic direction of Australia. At that time, the protective tariff policy was the most important election campaign topic, which also represented the Labor, with the Protectionist Party playing a major role, which was dependent on the support of Labor to enforce the customs policy. After the protectionist policy was successfully implemented and the Australian economy prospered, Labor continued to grow in popularity.
In 1907, Andrew Fisher was elected and his government founded the Commonwealth Bank and introduced the paper money currency, passed pension and maternity protection laws , formed the Australian Royal Australian Navy and the state-owned Trans- Australian Railroad to further develop Australia; In addition, the Australian Labor Party, which is closely associated with the trade unions, pushed through the introduction of minimum wages and the eight-hour day nationwide. During his tenure, Canberra was established as the Australian capital. In Australia, he is considered the most successful prime minister of the early days of Australia. The First World War began a month before his third term and his ALP government sent the Australian volunteer army to Gallipoli, the Middle East and to the Western Front in Europe and occupied the German colonial territory Guinea .
1915 to 1929
After the death of Andrew Fisher, Billy Hughes , a right-wing conservative member of the ALP, was Prime Minister of Australia from 1915 to 1923 and, when the individual colonies merged to form the new Australian state in 1901, became Foreign Minister of the first Australian Labor under George Reid in 1904. Government. He held this office under Andrew Fisher until 1915 and then took over the office of Prime Minister. Even as foreign minister, Hughes had made a name for himself as an advocate of the British Empire and was a staunch supporter of Australia's participation in the First World War . In 1916 Hughes first implemented an Australian boycott of German goods, later that year he tried to enforce general conscription in Australia and the use of Australian soldiers overseas by means of a referendum, which he failed. He advocated a state-controlled war economy. These decisions sparked widespread strikes by the Australian labor movement. Within the Labor Party, he did not have a majority in favor of his policies, which ultimately even excluded him. He then became leader of the Nationalist Party of Australia and tried again in 1917 to set up another Australian division to enforce general conscription. The vote ended with an even larger vote against general conscription.
Labor Party member Frank Tudor resigned from Hughes' government in 1916 because of his stance against general conscription in Australia during World War I, and he was elected chairman of the Australian Labor Party in November 1917 and was elected opposition leader. Tudor was not generally thought of as a strong leader or a major competitor to incumbent Prime Minister Hughes. This was confirmed in the election defeat in 1921 and it was not until 1929 that a Labor prime minister came back into office.
1929 to 1939
In the new elections on October 12, 1929, the ALP won a major election and James Scullin became Prime Minister. The global economic crisis , which began shortly after he took office, led to mass unemployment, government budget problems and a protective tariff policy in Australia. Due to different political views on how to overcome the Depression, there were resignations of his own ministers who subsequently joined the conservative United Australia Party , his position was weakened and he lost the office of Prime Minister to Joseph Lyons in 1934 . He had left the ALP and joined the United Australia Party and ruled until his death on April 7, 1939.
In 1929 the ALP also gained government power in New South Wales until 1931 with Jack Lang . This government was massively opposed by the fascist New Guard and Lang was deposed by British Governor Phillip Game on May 13, 1931 for violating legal provisions and the policies of the Commonwealth's ALP central government. Lang spoke out against the austerity policy , which the Australian Prime Minister James Scullin implemented in the form of cuts in wages and social rights in accordance with the concept of British financial expert Otto Ernst Niemeyer of the Bank of England .
1940 to 1945
After Joseph Lyons, the ALP did not win a government majority in the 1940 elections and John Curtin did not come to power until October 1941, but was dependent on two independent parliamentarians who had previously supported the government of Robert Menzies . His policy was determined by the Second World War , which also began in the Pacific in December 1941 and when, on February 19, 1942, Japanese bombers attacked the city, port and airport of Darwin in an air raid on Darwin , bombed them and sank 8 ships and numerous badly damaged, he decided to relocate the Australian forces back to Australia to defend it. He asked the USA to provide military aid to Australia directly and gave the US General Douglas MacArthur supreme command of the Australian troops. In 1943 he won the parliamentary elections for the ALP.
From 1940 to 1941, the Australian Labor Party (Non-Communist) , also known as Lang Labor after Jack Lang , was a splinter party from New South Wales that was founded before Jack Lang was elected Prime Minister. However, this group disbanded in 1941 before the election and Ben Chifley became Prime Minister. Lang had already undertaken this in 1931 for similar electoral reasons.
1945 to 1949
Ben Chifley of the ALP was elected Prime Minister in 1945 and adhered to the economic policy, which rationed economic goods during the war and controlled the import of goods by the state. With this policy he succeeded in reducing Australia's war debts and limiting inflation. He was the first to abolish the racist White Australia Policy and opened Australia to immigration, which became necessary because of the strong labor demand after the World War. Chifley initiated the construction of the Snowy Mountains power supply system, supported the construction of automobiles, the car brand Holden , and the establishment of Trans Australia Airlines (TAA). When Ben Chifley wanted to nationalize the private banks in 1947, it caused a violent reaction in Australia. This bill was declared unconstitutional by the High Court of Australia and the Privy Council for Australia in London, and Ben Chifley and the ALP lost their reputation.
When the coal workers' strike developed in 1949 , Ben Chifley suspected the Communist Party of Australia , which had a strong influence among the strikers, was behind the strike . Fearing the ALP would lose power, he used the military to break the strike and arrested some of the leaders. This crackdown on striking workers and the Cold War climate, which Robert Menzies of the Conservative Liberal Party of Australia cleverly used, resulted in the ALP losing the 1949 election.
In 1954, the right wing of the ALP split off, first forming the Australian Labor Party (Anti-Communist) , which was later renamed the Democratic Labor Party and had a certain importance in the 1960s and 1970s, as the Labor Party in numerous cases until its dissolution in 1978 partially prevented it from forming a government at regional or federal level.
1972 to 1975
It took from 1949 to December 1972 until the ALP came back to power in Australia and appointed Gough Whitlam as a prime minister. During Whitlam's tenure there were numerous political initiatives such as the abolition of the death penalty , an end to the racist White Australia Policy, equal rights for women and social legislation, the abolition of compulsory military service, and foreign policy initiatives such as the release of Papua New Guinea from its dependence on Australia in 1975 and the establishment of diplomatic relations with the People's Republic of China . When the Conservative Liberal Party blocked the government's budget, a state crisis erupted and it won the election in December 1975.
1983 to 1996
When the ALP favored an infinitive moratorium on uranium mining at a national conference in 1977 , the anti-nuclear movement in Australia decided to support the ALP in the upcoming election. At another ALP conference, the ALP decided on a “one mine policy” (German: “Eine-Mine-Politik”) and after the ALP won the election in 1983, a later ALP conference voted for a three mine policy (German : "Three-Mine Policy").
Bob Hawke , who won a landslide victory for the ALP on March 5, 1983, brought the political parties and the employer and employee representatives together in April 1983 at an economic summit. At this summit he agreed with them on a common national economic policy. He enforced the release of the Australian dollar on international money markets, allowed foreign banks in Australia and initiated steps towards deregulation. He devoted himself to health policy, school policy and social legislation.
Paul Keating of the ALP was elected to succeed Bob Hawke in 1991. Its policy was aimed at the introduction of national curricula and provided for a national pension law. He devoted himself to long-term unemployment and worked on the consolidation of state budgetary policies. During his time, the first regulations about the land rights of the Aborigines fell . His foreign policy was geared towards understanding and cooperation with Australia's immediate Asian neighbors.
2007 to 2013
After nearly twelve years of conservative government, the Labor Party won a clear election in 2007 and Kevin Rudd became Prime Minister. On February 13th, 2008, he apologized on behalf of the Australian government in a speech to the Australian Parliament for the injustice done to the Aborigines over two centuries . He ratified the Kyoto Protocol and appointed Penny Wong as one of the world's first women climate ministers.
At a national conference in 2007, the ALP changed its political position on uranium mining in Australia . It deviated from its "three-mine policy" and wants to allow further uranium mines .
Rudd intended to strengthen Australia's position in the Pacific, which led to political problems with the People's Republic of China, which is one of Australia's largest raw material buyers. Since he wanted to levy a tax on the raw materials obtained by the powerful mining industry in Australia and did not want to introduce the announced trade in carbon dioxide certificates because of resistance in the Senate, support for the ALP fell in surveys. Within the party, there were weeks of disputes with the right wing of the ALP. Mining workers also feared for their jobs. The mining companies had waged a violent campaign against the government, threatening to abandon planned investments of $ 20 billion. The ALP could not withstand this political and economic pressure. A session of the Labor Party's parliamentary group was called on June 24, 2010, and Julia Gillard , Vice Prime Minister, received more support for her policies than Rudd. Thereupon he did not stand for re-election and resigned as party chairman and prime minister; thereby Gillard took over this post.
After her election, Gillard immediately signaled readiness to discuss with the mining industry and the mining industry agreed to a 30 percent tax in negotiations, while Rudd had planned 40 percent.
In 2010 the party had around 50,000 members. Julia Gillard was Australia's first female prime minister and first chairwoman of the ALP, as well as the first ever female candidate for prime ministerial office in Australia. This general election took place in August 2010 and ended with a stalemate in parliament. With the support of independent MPs, Gillard was able to rule.
From 2013
On June 26, 2013 Kevin Rudd applied again in a vote of his parliamentary group for the party chairmanship against Gillard, which he won. He held these offices until the general election in Australia in 2013 . When he lost that election to his challenger Tony Abbott of the Liberal Party , he resigned on September 8, 2013.
After Rudd's resignation as party chairman, Bill Shorten was elected as the new party leader of the ALP on October 13, 2013. He took over the chairmanship of the Labor faction in the House of Representatives and became leader of the opposition. After the Labor Party's third consecutive defeat in the 2019 elections, Shorten stepped down as its chairman. Anthony Albanese then ran unopposed and was elected chairman of the Labor Party and thus leader of the opposition.
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Australian Labor Party Chair
- Chris Watson : 1901–1907, 1904: Prime Minister
- Andrew Fisher : 1907–1915, 1908–1909, 1910–1913, and 1914–15: Prime Ministers
- Billy Hughes : 1915–1916, 1915–1923: Prime Minister, 1916: was expelled from the party and founded the National Labor Party
- Frank Tudor : 1916-1922
- Matthew Charlton : 1922-1928
- James Scullin : 1928–1935, 1929–1932: Prime Minister
- John Curtin : 1935–1945 (†), 1941–1945: Prime Minister
- Frank Forde : 1945: provisional
- Ben Chifley : 1945–1951, 1945–1949: Prime Minister
- Herbert Vere Evatt : 1951–1960
- Arthur Calwell : 1960-1967
- Gough Whitlam : 1967-1977; 1972-1975: Prime Minister
- Bill Hayden : 1977-1983
- Bob Hawke : 1983–1991; 1983–1991: Prime Minister
- Paul Keating : 1991–1996; 1991–1996: Prime Minister
- Kim Beazley : 1996-2001, 2005-2006: again
- Simon Crean : 2001-2003
- Mark Latham : 2003-2005
- Kevin Rudd : 2006-2010, 2013: Prime Minister (2007-2010 and 2013)
- Julia Gillard : 2010–2013: Prime Minister
- Bill Shorten : 2013-30. May 2019
- Anthony Albanese : since May 30, 2019
Web links
- Official website (English)
Individual evidence
- ↑ History of the Australian Labor Party on alp.org.au ( Memento of the original from June 17, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ F. G. Clarke: Australia: A Concise Political and Social History . P. 205. Harcourt Brace & Company. Sydney 1996
- ↑ Manifesto of the Queensland Labor Party to the people of Queensland (dated September 9, 1892) | United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. Retrieved August 30, 2017 .
- ↑ Ryan, Thomas Joseph (Tom) (1876-1921) on adbonline.anu.edu.au . Retrieved June 24, 2010
- ^ Hughes, William Morris (Billy) (1862-1952) on adbonline.anu.au . Retrieved June 24, 2010
- ^ Tudor, Francis Gwynne (Frank) (1866-1922) on adbonline.anu.edu.au . Retrieved June 24, 2010
- ↑ Scullin, James Henry (1876-1953) on adbonline.anu.edu.au . Retrieved June 24, 2010
- ↑ Curtin, John (1885-1945) on adbonline.anu.edu.au . Retrieved June 24, 2010
- ↑ Joseph Benedict (Ben) (1885-1951) on adbonline.anu.edu.au . Retrieved June 24, 2010
- ↑ Robert Menzies on adbonline.anu.edu.au . Retrieved August 23, 2010
- ↑ Ben Chifley on adbonline.anu.edu.au . Retrieved August 23, 2010
- ↑ Gough Whitlam, Prime Minister from 1972 to 1975 on nma.gov.au . Retrieved June 24, 2010
- ^ Burgmann, Verity (2003). Power, Profit and Protest pp. 174-175. Retrieved February 27, 2011.
- ↑ Homepage of Paul Keating ( Memento of the original from February 18, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. . Retrieved June 24, 2010
- ↑ Information on Neues Deutschland . Retrieved June 25, 2010
- ↑ manager-magazin from July 2, 2010 . Retrieved August 28, 2010
- ^ Bill Shorten elected Labor leader over Anthony Albanese after month-long campaign , ABC News, October 13, 2013, accessed September 11, 2017
- ^ Katharine Murphy: Anthony Albanese kicks off Labor leadership race with call for policy shift. In: The Guardian of May 19, 2019.
- ^ Sarah Martin: Anthony Albanese elected unopposed as Labor leader. In: The Guardian of May 27, 2019.
