Avraam Ivanovich Melnikov
Avraam Ivanovich Melnikov ( Russian Авраам Иванович Мельников * July 30 jul. / 10. August 1784 greg. In Oranienbaum , † January 1 jul. / 13. January 1854 greg. In St. Petersburg ) was a Russian architect of Classicism and University professor .
Life
Melnikov learned and studied at the Imperial Academy of Arts (IACh) in St. Petersburg from 1795–1806 . One of his teachers was Andreijan Dmitrievich Sakharov . After graduating with the Great Gold Medal, he was sent to Rome on an IACh foreign scholarship in 1808 , where he studied ancient monuments. He was elected a member of the Accademia di San Luca for the restoration of the Capitoline Baths .
After his return to St. Petersburg in 1811 he taught architecture at the AICh. In 1812 he was appointed a member of the AICh. After a few years he also entered the service of the Committee for Improved Building and Hydraulic Engineering of the City of St. Petersburg. In the competition for the construction of the Cathedral of Christ the Savior in Moscow shortly after the end of the Franco-Russian War in 1812 , Melnikov's project won first prize, but Alexander I liked Alexander Lavrentjewitsch Witberg's mystical project more , which was then carried out . In the competition for the reconstruction of Isaac's Cathedral in St. Petersburg in 1816, Melnikov's project was recognized as the best project, but Alexander I approved the project by Auguste de Montferrand .
In 1818 Melnikow was appointed professor 2nd class at the AICh. In 1831 he became professor first class and rector of the AICh. In 1851 he was honored as Honored Rector. Melnikov was one of the last representatives of classicism and especially of the Empire . His classicist project for the construction of the Katharinenkirche on the Staro-Kalinkin-Bridge in St. Petersburg fell victim to the efforts of Nicholas I to establish a Russian- Byzantine style. Melnikow followed these efforts when planning the bell tower in Yaroslavl .
Works
The Assumption Cathedral (demolished 1814, 1938), Taganrog
Nikolaikirche of the Old Believers (1820–1827, since 1934 Arctic - Antarctic Museum), St. Petersburg
Houses of the Jakowlew family (1823–1825), Naberezhnaya Makorova 14 and 16, St. Petersburg
Datsche Schischmarjow (1824–1825), Primorsky Rajon, St. Petersburg
Building ensemble with the two buildings on the square with the Richelieu monument ( IP Martos , 1828) at the top of the Potemkin Stairs , Odessa
Cathedral of the Nativity of the Lord (1830–1836), Chisinau
A. Kukanow's house (1831–1832), Nabereschnaja Reki Fontanki 79, St. Petersburg
Bell tower of the Assumption Cathedral (1832–1836, blown up in 1937), Yaroslavl
Chelyschev's house (1835), Angliskaya Naberezhnaya 26, St. Petersburg
Houses at the Armenian Church (1835–1837), Nevsky Prospect 40 and 42, St. Petersburg
Imperial School of Jurisprudence (1835-1838), Naberezhnaya Reki Fontanka, St. Petersburg
Transfiguration Cathedral (1838–1851 with Ludwig Iwanowitsch Charlemagne and Pietro Visconti ), Rybinsk
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Individual evidence
- ↑ Тубли М. П. : Авраам Мельников . 3. Edition. Стройиздат, Leningrad 1980.
- ↑ a b c d e Alexander Nikolajewitsch Benois : Мельников (Абрам Иванович) - архитектор (1784-1854) . In: Brockhaus-Efron . tape XIX , 1896, p. 45-46 ( Wikisource [accessed August 11, 2018]).
- ↑ Собор в честь Успения Пресвятой Богородицы в г. Таганроге (accessed August 11, 2018).
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Melnikow, Avraam Ivanovich |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Мельников, Авраам Иванович (Russian) |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Russian classicism architect and university professor |
| DATE OF BIRTH | August 10, 1784 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Oranienbaum |
| DATE OF DEATH | January 13, 1854 |
| Place of death | St. Petersburg |