Bückethaler Landwehr

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Two walls of the Bückethaler Landwehr with information board on the edge of the Deister

The Bückethaler Landwehr was a Landwehr built in the late Middle Ages that ran in the east of Grafschaft Schaumburg . As a linear fortification and protection strip, it closed off the area between the Steinhuder Meer and the northern edge of the Deister , which the Hellweg crossed before Santforde as an important east-west connection. Of the at least 20 kilometers long Landwehr, only around two kilometers of trenches and ramparts have survived, which represent an archaeological monument in the Schaumburg district.

history

In the late Middle Ages, from the late 13th century onwards, the county of Schaumburg created a linear fortification and protection strip with land forces, which enclosed and enclosed their territory . In addition to the Bückethaler, this also included the Schaumburger Landwehr . The facilities represented a systematic border security and thus a legal border. The Bückethaler Landwehr formed the border to the Guelph areas in the east with the Grand Bailiwick of Calenberg as part of the Duchy of Braunschweig-Lüneburg .

In the Schaumburg Chronicle published in 1614, the historian Cyriacus Spangenberg described the Schaumburger Landwehr as follows:

Only a few years ago it was mostly the case that the county was surrounded and fortified with huge and solid land defenses, i.e. in times of need, in feathers, wars and enemy passages, such land defenses with their slings and knocks were adequately kept, blocked and were locked, and could not even easily have made an incursion or passage without great danger to anyone.

The Bückethaler Landwehr was first mentioned in 1354 as "Buckendale" in the loan register of the Corvey Monastery . Another mention was made in 1365 in a document issued by Count Adolf von Holstein-Schaumburg as "lantwere tom bukedale".

Decline

According to written sources, the county of Schaumburg's military forces were maintained until the 17th century; after that it began to decline. The separation in the second half of the 19th century led to the extensive removal of land defense systems . Especially in the northeastern area of Bückethaler Landwehr its ramparts and moats were leveled and their Knicks cleared of bushes and trees and taken as fields in plowing. In forest areas such as the Deister, however, the maintenance conditions for the border system were more favorable.

In the 20th century, transport projects contributed to the destruction of the Landwehr near Bad Nenndorf. In 1934, the previously well-preserved section to the east of the town was disturbed by the construction of a bypass road, today's B 65 . When the Reichsautobahn , today's BAB 2 , was built in 1937, parts of the Landwehr were also removed. In the 1950s to 1970s, parts of the facility disappeared several hundred meters away when a landfill was set up between the motorway and the B 65.

course

Ditch and ramparts on the edge of the Deister

The Landwehr of the county of Schaumburg have not yet been researched, so that their course is not yet fully known. At the Bückethaler Landwehr, the course can be partially reconstructed using historical maps. According to this, the system ran in a north-south direction for about 15 kilometers through the flat land from Bokeloh on Steinhuder Meer to the Deister. From the north it led along the Südaue to Isenburg near Landringshausen. From there, the Landwehr turned to the southwest and ran parallel to today's BAB 2 motorway to the Bad Nenndorf motorway junction . There it bent south to the Deister. South of the Autobahn BAB 2 in the direction of Deister is the best-preserved section of the Landwehr over a length of 400 meters. The remains lie within a small forested stream valley through which a road leads. A system of up to nine tiered walls and ditches runs parallel to the path. In the Deister, flat walls and trenches run by the Landwehr in the direction of the Heisterburg on the border between the Hanover region and the Schaumburg district. Further remains of the Landwehr can be found on the southern edge of the Deister in the area of ​​the Deisterpforte .

excavation

Flat walls of the Bückethaler Landwehr near Bad Nenndorf, in the background the industrial complex, on the site of which remains of the Landwehr were exposed in 2007

The construction of a commercial facility in 2007 in the Bad Nenndorfer industrial park Bückethaler Landwehr made archaeological investigations possible in an area in which sections of the Landwehr were suspected. The building site was located east of the village in the gusset of the B 442 and B 65 federal highways . Two trenches of the Landwehr were already filled in during exploratory cuts . In the course of the extensive excavation, two longer trench sections were uncovered, which are attributed to different times. A Landwehr passage with a turnpike , which was suspected in the area of ​​the excavation site and documented in drawings from around 1648, could not be proven. The passage is believed to be further west of the excavation site.

literature

Web links

Commons : Bückethaler Landwehr  - Collection of images, videos and audio files