Baccio Bandinelli

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Baccio Bandinelli , actually Bartolommeo Brandini , (born October 7, 1488 or November 12, 1493 in Florence , † shortly before February 7, 1560 there ) was an Italian sculptor .

Baccio Bandinelli self-portrait

Life

Baccio Bandinelli was the son of the goldsmith Michelangelo de Viviano de Brandini from Gaiuole near Florence and his wife Catarina, a daughter of Taddeo Ugolino . Bandinelli received his first artistic training from his father, after which he apprenticed to the sculptor Gianfrancesco Rustici in his hometown .

Here Bandinelli made the acquaintance of Leonardo da Vinci , who promoted him. One of his first works was a wax St. Jerome (lost, possibly identified in London by John Pope-Hennessy ), which he presented to Cardinal Giulio de 'Medici . Protected by his father, from 1520 he worked increasingly on behalf of the Florentine Medici family .

Initially, Bandinelli worked primarily for Cardinal Giovanni di Medici, who later became Pope Leo X , in Rome, and later for the second Medici Pope, Clement VII (Giulio de 'Medici). The latter accepted him in gratitude for a series of drawings depicting the life of St. Laurentius showed and their last drawing, the martyrdom of St. Laurentius, who was engraved in copper, was awarded the Order of Saint Peter .

Around 1530, Bandinelli sought to become a Knight of the Order of St. James (us) . This would only have been possible for him with noble descent. He had his brother-in-law, Antonio Doni, falsify a family tree showing the descent from the Sienese noble family of Bandinelli, from which he had the descent confirmed later. This vita convinced the Habsburg Emperor Charles V , so that he made Bandinelli a Knight of the Order of St. Jacob (us) . The admission ceremony took place in Rome in the summer of 1530. Since then he has called himself Bandinelli and dropped his birth name Brandini.

After several wars, the Medici were finally able to take power in Florence in the early 1530s. In the Peace of Barcelona , Emperor Charles V and Past Clement VII agreed that, after the conquest of Florence, Alessandro de 'Medici would rule there as Duke of Tuscany. During the reign of Alessandro, Bandinelli completed his most important work, the Hercules and Cacus Group, in 1534 .

When Alessandro was murdered by a distant relative in 1537, Cosimo I took over government in Florence. He put Bandinelli in charge of the Opera del Duomo ( Santa Maria del Fiore Cathedral ). Bandinelli was thus effectively in charge of all the sculptural work to be carried out in Florence, of which he carried out the most important works himself. Some of these works were created in collaboration with his colleague Giovanni dell'Opera and the architect Giuliano di Baccio d'Agnolo .

In the last years of his life, due to his unreliability, he lost more and more of his prestige with his employer Cosimo I. His wife Eleonora di Toledo became his most important advocate during these years and continued to provide him with commissions. Shortly before his death, he was able to secure the order for the Neptune Fountain on the Piazza della Signoria in Florence. After his death, the sculptor Bartolomeo Ammanati made the statue.

Baccio Bandinelli died shortly before February 7, 1560 in Florence at the age of about 70.

Bandinelli rose from the "class" of craftsmen to that of the "educated". Born as a simple man, his ability, the falsified pedigree, the two knight titles and a good portion of criminal energy enabled him to gain a position at the Medici court; Like hardly any other artist of the early 16th century, he represented the type of court artist.

Along with Michelangelo, he was the most important sculptor of his time in Florence and Rome and a bitter rival of Benvenuto Cellini , both of whom had known each other from an early age. In his artistic work he was in lifelong competition with both of them. At the end of his career, Bandinelli was replaced by the emerging artists Bartolomeo Ammanati and Giorgio Vasari at the court in Florence. He was succeeded by artists such as Vincenzo Danti and Vincenzo de 'Rossi .

Even his contemporaries praised Bandinelli as a master of relief art and disegno , i.e. composition and drawing.

The sculptors Clemente Bandinelli and Michelangelo Bandinelli were his sons.

Works

Statues
Marble statue of Pope Leo X in Florence
Copper engravings

Engraved from Bandinelli

  • Bethlehem child murder
  • Cleopatra
  • "Le sceleteri"
  • Martyrdom of St. Lawrence
  • so-called academy stitches

literature

  • Nicole Hegener: DIVI IACOBI EQVES. Self-portrayal in the work of the Florentine sculptor Baccio Bandinelli , Munich / Berlin 2008.
  • Paola Barocchi (Ed.): Scritti d'arte del Cinquecento . Ricciardi, Milan 1974. (especially pp. 1359–1411: Baccio Bandinelli: Il Memoriale )
  • Giorgio Vasari: Artists of the Renaissance: the biographies of excellent builders, painters and sculptors . Parkland, Cologne 2001. ISBN 3-89340-005-2
  • Giorgio Vasari: Art Theory and Art History: An Introduction to the Biographies of Famous Artists Using Proemies . Wagenbach, Berlin 2004. ISBN 3-8031-5020-5
  • Louis A. Waldman: Baccio Bandinelli and the art of the Medici Court: a corpus of early modern sources . American Philos. Soc., Philadelphia 2004. ISBN 0-87169-251-1
  • Roger Ward (Ed.): Baccio Bandinelli (1493-1560) . Fitzwilliam Museum, Cambridge 1988. ISBN 0-914160-06-0
  • S. Günther: Bandinelli, Baccio . In: General Artist Lexicon . The visual artists of all times and peoples (AKL). Volume 6, Saur, Munich a. a. 1992, ISBN 3-598-22746-9 , pp. 567-569.

Web links

Commons : Baccio Bandinelli  - collection of images, videos and audio files
personal data
SURNAME Bandinelli, Baccio
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Brandini, Bartolomeo (maiden name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Italian sculptor
DATE OF BIRTH October 7, 1488 or November 12, 1493
DATE OF DEATH before February 7, 1560
Place of death Florence , Duchy of Tuscany