Railway cruiser
As railway cruisers are asteroid designated whose orbit crosses that of a planet d. H. Perihelion and aphelion are outside or inside a planetary orbit, which is due to the mostly high eccentricity of these objects. Is the area of the planet's orbit is not completely crossed, but only partially penetrated, it is called Bahnstreifern ( English: grazer ). The orbital cruisers also include objects that move in a co-orbital orbit to the respective planet.
The fact that an asteroid “crosses” the orbit of a planet does not necessarily mean that there is a risk of collision, since the orbits are not always in one plane.
Most of the asteroids in the solar system that are outside the main belt are orbit cruisers. However, the gravity of Jupiter ensures that asteroids, with a few exceptions, only move inside or outside of its orbit.
Types of rail cruisers in the solar system
Earth orbit cruiser
Asteroids that cross the earth's orbit belong to the near-Earth asteroids of the Apollo or Aten type . These cross the earth's orbit from the outside (Apollo) or from the inside (Aten).
Earth orbit cruisers carry a certain risk of impact on the earth. However, the point of intersection (= node ) through the ecliptic is usually more or less far from the earth's orbit, so that geometrically no collisions with the earth can occur. However, the large number of asteroids means that various objects can come dangerously close to Earth. In August 2006, around 31 objects were known that could theoretically approach the center of the earth to within 50,000 km. The path calculations of the previously known objects have been highly automated since 2002.
From NASA z. Z. 57 objects classified as potentially dangerous, which are closer than the moon on closest approach:
designation | distance | |
---|---|---|
Lunar distances | km | |
(7482) 1994 PC1 | 0.005966988 | 2294 |
(152664) 1998 FW4 | 0.010080437 | 3875 |
(37638) 1993 VB | 0.017828967 | 6853 |
2002 EY2 | 0.030332494 | 11660 |
(177049) 2003 EE16 | 0.049877584 | 19173 |
(267337) 2001 VK5 | 0.054504037 | 20951 |
(297300) 1998 SC15 | 0.056665098 | 21782 |
2001 EC | 0.076372277 | 29358 |
(433953) 1997 XR2 | 0.078531003 | 30187 |
(137108) 1999 AN10 | 0.094539511 | 36341 |
(216985) 2000 QK130 | 0.099837672 | 38378 |
(99942) Apophis | 0.105483750 | 40548 |
(292220) 2006 SU49 | 0.114382901 | 43969 |
(247360) 2001 XU | 0.196846856 | 75668 |
2003 GG21 | 0.241523183 | 92842 |
2005 LW3 | 0.245039334 | 94193 |
(143487) 2003 CR20 | 0.253009925 | 97257 |
(162173) Ryugu | 0.267567218 | 102853 |
(35396) 1997 XF11 | 0.291597298 | 112090 |
(163132) 2002 CU11 | 0.341506404 | 131275 |
(90416) 2003 YK118 | 0.341603697 | 131312 |
(162416) 2000 EH26 | 0.379825639 | 146005 |
(405212) 2003 QC10 | 0.394575571 | 151675 |
(267131) 2000 EK26 | 0.422109349 | 162259 |
2000 TU28 | 0.425312218 | 163490 |
(141495) 2002 EZ11 | 0.462579137 | 177815 |
(164207) 2004 GU9 | 0.474406013 | 182362 |
(85640) 1998 OX4 | 0.484831878 | 186369 |
(89959) 2002 NT7 | 0.497230834 | 191136 |
2002 JZ8 | 0.525465117 | 201989 |
(85236) 1993 KH | 0.537066275 | 206448 |
2000 KA | 0.543028360 | 208740 |
2005 GY8 | 0.551103637 | 211844 |
(144898) 2004 VD17 | 0.580155178 | 223012 |
(467351) 2003 KO2 | 0.589440774 | 226581 |
(152685) 1998 MZ | 0.600792863 | 230945 |
(387668) 2002 SZ | 0.635187707 | 244166 |
(171576) 1999 VP11 | 0.639997848 | 246015 |
(2201) Oljato | 0.643165692 | 247233 |
1997 GL3 | 0.680343102 | 261524 |
(434734) 2006 FX | 0.681214843 | 261859 |
(330233) 2006 KV86 | 0.684390470 | 263080 |
2002 SQ41 | 0.696649325 | 267792 |
(89958) 2002 LY45 | 0.714169759 | 274527 |
(153814) 2001 WN5 | 0.723809500 | 278232 |
2002 NY40 | 0.739948380 | 284436 |
(101869) 1999 MM | 0.748467311 | 287711 |
2001 QJ96 | 0.761263220 | 292630 |
2004 XP14 | 0.822826023 | 316294 |
2003 MK4 | 0.840513799 | 323094 |
(387746) 2003 MH4 | 0.847359300 | 325725 |
(85713) 1998 SS49 | 0.850044573 | 326757 |
1999 RM45 | 0.871810851 | 335124 |
(162162) 1999 DB7 | 0.893514862 | 343467 |
(497117) 2004 FU4 | 0.938390054 | 360717 |
(444193) 2005 SE71 | 0.984105854 | 378290 |
(154276) 2002 SY50 | 0.986736643 | 379302 |
Venus cruiser
These are Apollo and Aten asteroids with perihelion distances within Venus' orbit . With the exception of a few Apohele asteroids, which are a subgroup of the Aten type, all Venus cruisers also cross Earth's orbit.
Mercury cruiser
Objects of this type are predominantly aten asteroids, but also a few Apollo asteroids whose perihelion lies within the orbit of Mercury . Well-known representatives are the Apollo objects (1566) Icarus and (3200) Phaethon , whose aphelion positions are outside the orbit of Mars. Most Aten Mercury cruisers are both Venus cruisers and Earth orbit cruisers at the same time and cross the orbit of Mercury from the outside. Exceptions are the Mercury cruisers of the Atira subgroup, which are always completely within the Earth's orbit and the 2020 AV2 , discovered on January 4, 2020 , whose orbit is completely far within the orbit of Venus and only slightly crosses into the orbit of Mercury.
Mars cruiser
The asteroids that cross Mars' orbit include objects of the Apollo and Amor types , the former of which are also Earth orbit cruisers. All Cupid asteroids are Mars cruisers except for a few of the Cupid I subtype. Special representatives are (5261) Eureka , which is a Mars Trojan , as well as the Damocloids 1999 XS 35 and 1998 WU 24 .
Jupiter cruiser
The few Jupiter cruisers besides the Trojans include asteroids of the Amor IV subtype, as well as most of the known damocloids. Some Apollo asteroids also cross Jupiter's orbit. These and the Amor IV asteroids have a perihelion near the earth's orbit and are therefore also Mars cruisers. The damocloids are comet-like objects whose apheld distances are sometimes far outside the orbit of Uranus. The Trojans move 60 ° in front of and behind Jupiter in 1: 1 resonance around the Lagrangian points of Jupiter's orbit and are considered to be orbiting or co-ordinate objects , but sometimes also as real cruisers. Another Jupiter cruiser is the unusual object (944) Hidalgo , whose perihelion lies in the asteroid belt.
Saturn cruiser
Most of the asteroids that cross the orbit of Saturn are called centaurs , but also damocloids. The centaurs are probably “extinct” comets, the volatile components of which were originally present are more or less sublimated. However, for example, the centaur (2060) Chiron has also been classified as a comet since a halo was discovered. Centaurs are also largely Uranus and in some cases Neptune cruisers. The asteroid Hidalgo grazes Saturn's orbit without crossing it.
Uranus cruiser
Objects that cross the orbit of Uranus are mostly centaurs and some damocloids such as B. the namesake of the group, (5335) Damocles .
Neptune cruiser
The Neptune cruisers include a few centaurs such as B. (5145) Pholus , also damocloids. Several asteroids that cross the orbit of Neptune are among the trans-Neptunian objects . Including Plutinos such as B. (28978) Ixion and (38628) Huya but also strongly eccentric SDOs such as (87269) 2000 OO 67 . The dwarf planet (134340) Pluto also has a perihelion within the orbit of Neptune. Neptune also owns a group of Trojans.
Tables
Railway cruiser within Jupiter's orbit
Known orbit-crossing asteroids within Jupiter's orbit
asteroid | Type | Mercury orbit | Venus orbit | Earth orbit | Mars orbit |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
(1566) Icarus | Apollo | cruiser | cruiser | cruiser | cruiser |
(3200) Phaethon | Apollo | cruiser | cruiser | cruiser | cruiser |
(2101) Adonis | Apollo | Streifer | cruiser | cruiser | cruiser |
(1865) Cerberus | Apollo | - | cruiser | cruiser | Streifer |
(2063) Bacchus | Apollo | - | cruiser | cruiser | Streifer |
(1862) Apollo | Apollo | - | cruiser | cruiser | cruiser |
(2100) Ra Shalom | Aten | - | cruiser | cruiser | - |
(3554) Amun | Aten | - | cruiser | cruiser | - |
(3753) Cruithne | Aten | - | cruiser | cruiser | - |
(163693) Atira | Aten (Apohele) |
- | cruiser | - | - |
(69230) Hermes | Apollo | - | cruiser | cruiser | cruiser |
(4769) Castalia | Apollo | - | cruiser | cruiser | Streifer |
(4183) Cuno | Apollo | - | Streifer | cruiser | cruiser |
(2340) Hathor | Aten | Streifer | cruiser | cruiser | - |
(3362) Khufu | Aten | - | cruiser | cruiser | - |
(2062) Aten | Aten | - | - | cruiser | - |
2002 AA 29 | Aten | - | - | koorbital | - |
(1620) Geographos | Apollo | - | - | cruiser | Streifer |
(1866) Sisyphus | Apollo | - | - | cruiser | cruiser |
(4179) Toutatis | Apollo | - | - | cruiser | cruiser |
(6489) Golevka | Apollo | - | - | Streifer | cruiser |
(25143) Itokawa | Apollo | - | - | cruiser | cruiser |
(4015) Wilson-Harrington | Apollo | - | - | Streifer | cruiser |
(433) Eros | Cupid | - | - | - | cruiser |
(719) Albert | Cupid | - | - | - | cruiser |
(887) Alinda | Cupid | - | - | - | cruiser |
(1036) Ganymede | Cupid | - | - | - | cruiser |
(1221) Cupid | Cupid | - | - | - | cruiser |
(5261) Eureka |
Mars Trojans |
- | - | - | koorbital |
The Cupid asteroid (3552) Don Quixote crosses the orbits of Mars and Jupiter.
Railway cruiser outside of Jupiter's orbit
Well-known rail cruisers beyond the Jupiter orbit, without Trojans.
asteroid | Type | Orbit of Jupiter | Saturn orbit | Uranus orbit | Neptune Railway |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
(944) Hidalgo | Anomaly? | cruiser | Streifer | - | - |
(20461) Dioretsa |
Damocloid / SDO |
cruiser | cruiser | cruiser | cruiser |
(5335) Damocles | Damocloid | cruiser | cruiser | cruiser | - |
(2060) Chiron | centaur | - | cruiser | Streifer | - |
(5145) Pholus | centaur | - | cruiser | cruiser | cruiser |
(8405) Asbolus | centaur | - | cruiser | cruiser | - |
(65407) 2002 RP 120 | Damocloid / SDO |
- | cruiser | cruiser | cruiser |
(7066) Nessus | centaur | - | - | cruiser | cruiser |
(10199) Chariklo | centaur | - | - | Streifer | - |
(10370) Hylonome | centaur | - | - | Streifer | cruiser |
(31824) Elatus | centaur | - | cruiser | - | - |
(32532) Thereus | centaur | - | cruiser | - | - |
(52975) Cyllarus | centaur | - | - | cruiser | cruiser |
(54598) Bienor | centaur | - | - | Streifer | - |
(15788) 1993 SB | Plutino | - | - | - | cruiser |
(28978) Ixion | Plutino | - | - | - | Streifer |
(38628) Huya | Plutino | - | - | - | cruiser |
(87269) 2000 OO 67 | SDO | - | - | - | cruiser |
(84719) 2002 VR 128 | Plutino | - | - | - | cruiser |
See also
- List of notable asteroids
- Near-Earth asteroids
- Kuiper belt
- Comets
- Planetary Defense
- Gravitational keyhole
Web links
- Damocloids ( Memento from October 19, 2004 in the Internet Archive ) (English)
- List of centaurs and SDOs (English)