Railway line Velké Březno – Verneřice / Úštěk
| Velké Březno – Verneřice | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Course book range : | 7k (1978) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Route length: | 16.843 km | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Gauge : | 1435 mm ( standard gauge ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Route class : | A. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Maximum slope : | 40 ‰ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Minimum radius : | 150 m | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Top speed: | 30 km / h | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Lovečkovice – Úštěk | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Course book range : | 7k (1978) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Route length: | 7.805 km | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
The railway line Velké Březno – Verneřice / Úštěk is a regional railway connection in the Czech Republic , which was originally built as the local line Großpriesen – Wernstadt – Auscha (LGWA). It branched off in Velké Březno ( Großpriesen ) from the Nymburk – Děčín railway line , led up in the Kreuzbachtal and branched off in Lovečkovice ( Loschowitz ) to Verneřice ( Wernstadt ) and Úštěk ( Auscha ). In the German-Bohemian vernacular, the route was formerly known as Tschockel .
The line, which was closed in 1978, was declared a museum railway in 1988 in the section Velké Březno – Zubrnice. The entire section from Velké Březno – Lovečkovice, which has been excluded from the track dismantling, has been a cultural monument of the Czech Republic since 1998 .
history
Prehistory and construction
In the years after 1860, the first plans were made to build a railway over Wernstadt. On February 5, 1862, the Teplitz lawyer, Dr. Franz Stradal the pre-concession for the route Aussig - Böhmisch Leipa for connection to the Löbau-Zittau railway in Saxony. On November 16, 1865, a consortium of various interested parties received the concession for a route from Aussig – Böhmisch Leipa – Liebenau , which ultimately remained unfulfilled for financial reasons.
It was only with the passage of the law of May 25, 1880, concerning concessions and privileges for local railways , that new projects arose to connect Wernstadt to the railway network. Lines of Bensen , Böhmisch Leipa and Großpriesen were discussed . Technically the easiest way would have been to implement a route from Böhmisch Leipa via Graber through the Biebertal . Finally, the connection to the Austrian Northwest Railway in Großpriesen was favored, as this way the coal could be transported from the North Bohemian Basin on the shortest route. Mainly the Wernstadt manufacturer Julius Léon Ritter von Wernburg († February 26, 1927 in Vienna ; age: 84), his son-in-law Karl von Banhans (1861–1942; from 1917 kk railway minister ), the district captain Olivier , were involved in building the railway Marquis de Bacquehem (1847–1917) and the brewer Josef Renftel (from 1882 mayor of Wernstadt) tried hard.
The concession "to build and operate a standard-gauge local train from the Groß-Priesen station of the priv. Austrian Northwest Railway via Loschowitz to Wernstadt with a branch from Loschowitz to Auscha" was awarded to the construction company Stern & Hafferl and Leon Ritter von Wernberg on 26. July 1889. Part of the concession was the obligation to start construction of the line immediately and to finish it within a year and a half. The duration of the concession was set at 90 years.
The share capital of the Localbahn Gross-Priesen-Wernstadt-Auscha joint-stock company, founded on July 26, 1889, amounted to 1,300,000 guilders in 2500 ordinary shares at 200 guilders and 4000 priority shares at 200 guilders. The company was based in Vienna, Schottenring 9.
The Viennese company Stern & Hafferl took over the construction of the line. On August 18, 1890, the public train service to Wernstadt could be started. Four weeks later, on September 11, 1890, the first trains ran to Auscha. The kk priv. Österreichische Nordwestbahn (ÖNWB) took over the management for the account of the owners and after its nationalization (1908) the north west railway management of the kk Staatsbahnen (kkStB).
business
The railway became an important and indispensable means of transport for the industry of Wernstadt and for tourism in the Bohemian Central Uplands . In freight transport, coal and raw materials as well as building materials in particular reached Wernstadt. Mainly finished goods from the weaving mill and dairy products were shipped. The dairy in Wernstadt was one of the largest in Bohemia at the time and delivered to the capital Prague. The traffic on the stretch to Auscha remained comparatively insignificant. The Geltschbad , a cold water sanatorium near Lewin , was important here for travel .
When the North Bohemian Transversal Railway from Teplitz to Reichenberg via Auscha was opened on December 20, 1898 , a significant proportion of the traffic there was lost to the Aussig-Teplitz Railway . From May 1899, a short connecting track for the exchange of freight cars connected the two spatially separated stations. Transitional travelers had to walk the short distance.
In the first few years there were only two mixed pairs of 2nd and 3rd class trains, each of which had a connection to the ÖNWB trains to Vienna in Großpriesen . In addition, there were two pairs of trains for excursions on Sundays and public holidays. In the 1912 timetable, the trains uphill for the 19-kilometer route to Auscha took around 75 minutes, with a stop of around ten minutes in Loschowitz. In Loschowitz there was a connection to Wernstadt.
After the collapse of Austria-Hungary in October 1918, management was transferred to the newly founded Czechoslovak State Railways (ČSD).
In 1927, after taking over all shares, the LGWA became the property of ČSD. During the Great Depression in 1929, there were considerations for setting the unprofitable railway traffic between Loschowitz and Auscha what was ultimately not implemented.
The final nationalization and dissolution of the AG Localbahn Gross-Priesen-Wernstadt-Auscha came as a result of the annexation of the Sudetenland to Germany in autumn 1938. The law of August 2, 1940 “regarding the takeover of railways in the Reichsgau Sudetenland and in the Reichsgaue Oberdonau and Lower Danube incorporated parts of the southern German territories into the Reich “regulated u. a. the nationalization of nine local railways with a total length of 169.77 km, in which the Czechoslovak state had already held the majority of the shares. The lines of the local railway Gross-Priesen – Wernstadt – Auscha belonged to the network of the Deutsche Reichsbahn , Reichsbahndirektion Dresden . After the end of the Second World War , they came to the ČSD, which continued operations unchanged.
After the expulsion of the German-Bohemian population of the railway area in 1945/46, the traffic performance decreased rapidly, especially since the decline of the industry in Verneřice was connected with it. More and more trucks took over the remaining freight transport. This marked the end of the track. The last passenger trains ran on May 27, 1978 and the line was closed.
By 1979, the tracks between Lovečkovice and Verneřice were dismantled. That happened between Lovečkovice and Úštěk between 1985 and 1988.
Reconstruction as a museum railway
With the establishment of an open-air museum (“Skanzen”) in Zubrnice in the 1980s, the idea arose to include the remaining route and to set up a museum railway on the route. The Velké Březno – Zubrnice section was declared a museum railway in 1988 . In 1993 individual special trips were carried out, but the start of regular museum train traffic did not take place due to the desolate condition of the line. In 1993 the association "Zubrnická museální železnice" was founded, which has set itself the goal of repairing the route and bringing it into a museum condition. The first visible result of the association's work was the establishment of a small railway museum in Zubrnice. In 1998 the still existing Velké Březno-Lovečkovice line was placed under state protection as a cultural monument of the Czech Republic.
On October 28, 2010 the celebrations for the reopening of the line as a public museum railway took place. For the first time in 17 years, museum trains ran between Velké Březno and Zubrnice. Since then, regular museum railroad operations have been offered on selected summer weekends.
From the 2016 timetable, the route has been integrated into the Ústecký kraj regional cycle as the T3 seasonal tourist line “Zubrnický motoráček” (Ústí nad Labem-Střekov – Zubrnice) . Scheduled passenger trains stopping at all en-route stations operate on the weekends from March 25th to October 30th. The commissioned railway company is MBM rail , which is using a class 801 multiple unit (ČSD M 131.1) for these services .
The Zubrnická museální železnice is planning to reopen the further line to Lovečkovice. In autumn 2018, the association started repairing the remaining track from Zubrnice. Lovečkovice station will initially be rebuilt with two tracks, for which the necessary track material was taken over from the former Česka Lípa wagon factory in 2017. On the other section to Úštěk, which is not intended for reactivation, an educational trail with information boards on the history of the railway is to be laid out.
Route description
The starting point is the Velké Březno train station, which the route leaves in an easterly direction. The track then leads immediately after the train station on the flank of the Magnetovec ( Spitzberg ) with a maximum gradient uphill and then after a short distance swings into the valley of the Luční potok ( Kreuzbach ). Here the route leads steeply uphill on the left flank of the valley and later in the valley floor to the Lovečkovice separation station. The route to Verneřice continues to climb to the top of the pass at Mukařov, and then descends again in the valley of the Bobří potok ( Bieberbach ). The route to Úštěk was downhill from Lovečkovice and led through the Černý potok ( Haberbach ) valley to the end point.
Vehicle use
The original equipment of the local railway included four locomotives of the series XV of the ÖNWB , which were classified by the ČSD as series 313.4 . They handled all traffic until the 1950s. Attempts to replace the comparatively inefficient tank locomotives remained unsuccessful for a long time, as the narrow curves and steep inclines made special demands on the vehicles used. The locomotives of the 423.0 series took over the train transport only after the superstructure had been reinforced .
From 1965 the steam locomotives were successively replaced by the diesel-hydraulic locomotive T 444.0 . In the 1970s, travel was finally handled with the M 131.1 class railcars .
See also
literature
- Alfred Horn: The Austrian Northwest Railway (= The Austrian-Hungarian Railway . Volume 1 ). Bohmann Verlag, Vienna 1967, p. 149-152 .
- Siegfried Bufe, Heribert Schröpfer: Railways in the Sudetenland. Bufe-Fachbuch-Verlag, Egglham 1991, ISBN 3-922138-42-X , pp. 179-185.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ^ Reichs-Gesetz-Blatt for the Austrian Empire of November 16, 1865
- ^ Imperial law for the kingdoms and states represented in the Imperial Council of July 26, 1889
- ↑ data on geerkens.at
- ↑ Timetable of the kkStB - valid from May 1, 1912.
- ^ Siegfried Bufe, Heribert Schröpfer: Railways in the Sudetenland. Bufe-Fachbuch-Verlag, Egglham 1991, ISBN 3-922138-42-X , p. 54 f.
- ^ Law on the takeover of railways in the Reichsgau Sudetenland and in the parts of the southern German territories incorporated into the Reichsgaue Oberdonau and Niederdonau to the Reich of August 2, 1940
- ↑ Current information on www.zelpage.cz - accessed on November 21, 2010
- ↑ Ústecký kraj spustil provoz turistických linek on www.zelpage.cz.
- ↑ Od Velikonoc jezdí o víkendech a svátcích nostalgické vlaky a loď po Labi. on www.kr-ustecky.cz.
- ↑ "Well trať do Lovečkovic by po letech čtyřiceti znovu Mohly vyjet vlaky" on idnes.cz
- ↑ "Zubrnická Lokálka opraví nádraží Lovečkovice, plánuje jezdit až tam" on idnes.cz