Baia (Suceava)

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Baia
Molde (Mulde)
Moldvabánya
Baia Coat of Arms (Suceava)
Baia (Suceava) (Romania)
Paris plan pointer b jms.svg
Basic data
State : RomaniaRomania Romania
Historical region : West Moldova
Circle : Suceava
Coordinates : 47 ° 25 '  N , 26 ° 13'  E Coordinates: 47 ° 25 '5 "  N , 26 ° 13' 8"  E
Time zone : EET ( UTC +2)
Height : 345  m
Area : 39.00  km²
Residents : 6,405 (October 20, 2011)
Population density : 164 inhabitants per km²
Postal code : 727020
Telephone code : (+40) 02 30
License plate : SV
Structure and administration (as of 2016)
Community type : local community
Structure : Baia, Bogata
Mayor : Maria Tomescu ( PSD )
Postal address : Str.Stoleru Nicolae, 7
Comuna Baia, jud. Suceava, RO-727020
Website :
Others
City Festival : Festivalul Baia - file de istorie , almost annually, different in the period between July and September

Baia , in the Middle Ages Civitas Moldaviae , also called Târgul Moldovei ( German  Molde , also Moldenmarkt , Mulde ; Hungarian Moldvabánya , also Bája ) is a municipality in the Suceava district , which was one of the most important urban centers of the Principality of Moldova in the 14th to 16th centuries was of great importance.

location

The municipality is located eight kilometers southwest of Fălticeni in Suceava County and is crossed by the Vltava .

history

Seal of Baia since the 13th century.

Archaeological excavations prove that the area of ​​Baia dates back to before the Cucuteni-Tripolje culture in the 6th millennium BC. Was inhabited. According to Karl Auner (1865–1932), Vicar General of the Diocese of Iași and historian, the medieval town already existed in the 13th century.

The city was founded by poor Transylvanian Saxons who fled to the area of ​​what would later become the Moldau after the Mongol storm of 1241. Dominican missionaries had already built a church in the 13th century, and in 1337 a document mentions a Franciscan church built “by poor Saxons who emigrated to Baia”. Hungarians also settled there. So it came about that Baia has a city seal with a Latin inscription.

Baia with its citadel was - confirmed by documents from the chancellery of Ludwig von Anjous - the first capital of the feudal state of Moldova , even after 1359, the year of liberation from Hungarian dependency (until 1388). The city was also a very important religious center. By a decree of Prince Alexander the Good from 1410, the construction of a Catholic cathedral began, the largest church in what was then Moldova, the impressive ruins of which can still be seen today. From 1420 the place was the residence of the Catholic bishops, which was abolished in 1468.

The city became famous through the battle of Baia fought there on December 15, 1467 between the army of the Principality of Moldova , led by Prince Stefan the Great, and the King of the Kingdom of Hungary , Matthias Corvinus . It ended with a bitter defeat for the Hungarians and the flight and wounding of the Magyar king. Baia was completely destroyed by the deliberately set fire on Stefan's orders, which had been necessary to achieve his war aims.

The city was completely rebuilt and Prince Petru Rareș had the Church of the Assumption built between 1530 and 1532. Nevertheless, the city was never to regain its old importance. Thanks to the efforts of Prince Alexandru Lăpuşneanu , who had three annual fairs held there, the population was 15,000 in 1599 with 3,000 buildings, as a Western traveler reported, but almost a hundred years later (1691) someone else mentioned the place completely uninhabited.

After the Bucovina was occupied by neutral Austria towards the end of the Russo-Ottoman War (1768–1774) in 1774 , this was confirmed in the peace treaty of Küçük Kaynarca in 1775 , officially as thanks for Austria's "intermediary services" between the war opponents. As a result, Baia was very close to the border with the later crown land of the Duchy of Bukovina . During this time, Catholicism flourished again in the region and the country came under the jurisdiction of the Archbishop of Lemberg .

Nicolae Stoleru (born September 14, 1878 in Călineşti, Botoşani district; † September 12, 1916, died at Dealul Rusca - Pietrele Roşii) was a Romanian teacher who came to Baia in 1904 and had made a major contribution to the literacy and education of children . When he arrived, 87% of the local school-age children were illiterate. He was also concerned with raising the level of education of farmers and tirelessly lectured on scientific achievements, improving hygiene, modernizing agriculture and combating alcoholism. A memorial was erected in his honor in 1937, and the school for arts and crafts located in the community also bears his name.

In the interwar period, Baia was the county seat of the district of the same name until the communist administrative reform of 1950. As a result of this, the latter was divided between the Suceava and Iași districts. Today the place belongs to Suceava County.

A well-known son of the city was the Romanian literary historian, critic and writer Mihai Gafița (born October 21, 1923 in Baia; † March 4, 1977 in Bucharest ).

population

The number of inhabitants has decreased continuously since 2002 (6,793 people). According to the 2011 census, the place now has buildings in 2012 and the around 6 500 inhabitants are distributed over 1865 households. Together with the village of Bogata, which is under Baia's administration, there are around 7,000 inhabitants. The population is made up of a good 99% Romanians, only 30 people said they belonged to another ethnic group. 95.41% are Romanian Orthodox Christians divided into six parishes.

Culture

Baia has:

  • four schools,
  • four kindergartens,
  • the school with high school character for arts and crafts "Nicolae Stoleru",
  • a community library as well
  • the sports club (Avântul Baia) and
  • an ethnographic museum.

Attractions

  • The Church of St. George, also called Biserica Albă (the White Church), which Prince Stefan is said to have donated as a result of his victory over the Hungarians
  • The Church of the Assumption of the Virgin Mary from 1530, which Prince Petru Rareș had built
  • The ruins of the Catholic cathedral from 1410

  • Baia, ruin of the cathedral

  • Former prefecture of Baia County

  • Biserica Albă (the White Church) in Baia

  • Assumption in Baia

See also

Web links

Commons : Baia  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ 2011 census in Romania
  2. ↑ Information on the Festival of Baia 2009 ( Memento of September 12, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) and 2011 ( Memento of February 4, 2015 in the Internet Archive )
  3. ↑ Descoperire în România: cea mai mare locuință pre-Cucuteni datând din 5200–5100 Î. Hr., In: “Gândul” of October 7, 2013
  4. ^ Hugo Weczerka: The Principality of Moldova and the Germans. In: Isabel Röskau-Rydel: German history in Eastern Europe. Galicia, Bucovina and Moldova. Berlin 1999, p. 338
  5. ↑ Petre Otu: How Prince Stefan the Great defeated the Hungarian King Matthias Corvinus near Baia on March 19, 2012 at historia.ro accessed on February 18, 2015 (Romanian)
  6. ^ I. Constantinescu: România de la A la Z. Dicționar turistic. (Ed. Stadion, Bucureşti, 1970), p. 29
  7. ↑ Franz Lang (Ed.): Buchenland: One hundred and fifty years of Germanness in Bukowina. Volume 16, Verlag des Südostdeutschen Kulturwerk, Munich 1961, p. 17 f.
  8. ↑ History of school education in Baia ( Memento of July 14, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) (Romanian; PDF; 181 kB)
  9. ↑ http://www.recensamantromania.ro/wp-content/uploads/2012/08/TS2.pdf
  10. ↑ http://www.recensamantromania.ro/wp-content/uploads/2012/08/TS6.pdf
  11. ↑ http://www.recensamantromania.ro/rezultate-2/
  12. ↑ Web presentation of the Nicolae Stoleru School ( Memento from May 23, 2014 in the Internet Archive )