Beaver (danube)

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beaver
The beavers in the nature reserve Biberhacken near Echlishausen before they were repopulated by beavers

The beavers in the nature reserve Biberhacken near Echlishausen before they were repopulated by beavers

Data
Water code EN : 1156
location Bavaria , Germany
River system Danube
Drain over Danube  → Black Sea
source south of Matzenhofen (municipality of Unterroth ) in the Oberrother Forest
48 ° 11 ′ 0 ″  N , 10 ° 13 ′ 0 ″  E
Source height around  598  m above sea level NN
muzzle east of Unterfahlheim in the Danube Coordinates: 48 ° 26 '21 "  N , 10 ° 10' 52"  E 48 ° 26 '21 "  N , 10 ° 10' 52"  E
Mouth height around  446  m above sea level NN
Height difference around 152 m
Bottom slope around 4.1 ‰
length 36.8 km
Catchment area 70 km²
Left tributaries Reichenbach
Right tributaries Osterbach
Communities Unterroth , Buch , Roggenburg , Weißenhorn , Pfaffenhofen an der Roth , Bibertal ;
Bibertal near Raunertshofen

The Biber is a 36.8 kilometer long and right tributary of the Danube in Bavaria .

course

It rises near the hamlet of Matzenhofen in the municipality of Unterroth in the Oberrother Forest . The direction of flow of the beavers is strictly northward. The beaver is dammed up again and again on its way, which also creates the monastery pond and the monastery pond at Roggenburg monastery . It begins to meander south of Bühl and continues to the Danube floodplain forest. Then it is directed to the east via a drainage canal and finally flows into the Danube after the Leipheim hydropower plant with an average discharge of 630 liters per second.

The last stretch that the beavers cross has been designated as a nature reserve Biberhacken .

history

etymology

The beaver is named after the rodent of the same name , which was very common in this area until its extinction in the 19th century . It has been back in the beaver valley for several years. As a result of this repopulation, the vegetation on the river has started to change significantly since around 2005. The large trees on the edge of the river are thinning out.

Settlement

The area around the beavers was already settled during the Hallstatt period. There is a Roman cemetery on Unterfahlheimer Flur around 500 meters north of Sacrificestetten, around 500 m west of the current course of the river. Later in the 12th and 13th centuries , the first small settlements on the river emerged, which mostly consisted of only a few farms or a mill, as well as the Roggenburg monastery . Today it leads through rural villages and past housing estates. In Meßhofen there is a sawmill directly on the Biber. In Beuren, Oberhausen and Biberach there are sewage treatment plants which discharge their treated water into the river.

Flora and fauna

The Biber is partly a very natural river , as in Biberachzell or north of Silheim . Especially the eastern bank, which often leads past wet meadows and forests, is a suitable habitat for plants and animals.

There are many insects, birds and frogs in the pent-up ponds. Especially in the nature reserve Biberhacken and in the area west of Silheim, where the beaver asserts itself as an Auenbach, there is a great diversity of species. The 30.3 hectare Biberhacken became a nature reserve on April 1, 1997 and is located south of the Augsburg – Ulm railway line and north and west of the field of the dead, which was an important battlefield of the peasant wars . The site is also located in the Echlishausen and Unterfahlheim districts .

The extensive reed areas in the former fish ponds in Biberhacken are ideal breeding and resting areas for birds. Several bird and dragonfly species that have been sighted in this area are on the red list . The reserve is forested and the fish ponds, which were created before the Second World War , lie in what was then the old Danube water. In addition to birds and insects, some amphibians have also found a home here. The once extinct beaver can also be found in the area again. This regulates the flow behavior of the river through its buildings and increasingly changes the vegetation near the bank. The dominant Indian balsam could also spread very strongly along the beaver. This endangers the stinging nettle population as well as the existence of low bank vegetation.

Tributaries

from south to north:

  • Brook or ditch that feeds the ponds ( Stürzenweiher and others) west of the Roggenburger Weiher
  • Reichenbach : The approximately 3.3 km long left side stream of the Biber rises south of Oberreichenbach at 509 m above sea level. NN and flows in a northerly direction through the villages of Ober- and Unterreichenbach (both: City of Weißenhorn ) before it reaches the southern outskirts of Oberhausen City of Weißenhorn at 485 m above sea level. NN flows into the beaver. The difference in height between the source and the mouth is 24 m.
  • Osterbach : The 21.3 km long tributary flows into 464 m above sea level. NN northeast of Silheim and west of Kleinkissendorf (both: community Bibertal ) in the Biber.

Places on the river

from south to north: in the Neu-Ulm district :

in the district of Günzburg :

  • Community Bibertal : Silheim , Buhl , victims Stetten

Watermills on the beaver

There were ten watermills on the Biber, most of which have been shut down. It is noticeable that both the mill building and the residential building are in almost all cases with the ridge parallel to the watercourse. At the watermills on the nearby Roth , the residential building is attached at right angles.

  • Nordholz mill , first evidence 1859
  • Tower clock workshop Pechmann Roggenburg , first evidence 1862
  • Water house of the Roggenburg monastery , first evidence 1641
  • Roggenburg monastery mill
  • Vogtmühle Biberach , first evidence 1598
  • Oil mill / sawmill Asch , first evidence 1816
  • Beurer Mühle, first evidence 1412
  • Beurer saw, first evidence 1772
  • Rettenmaier Bühl sawmill
  • Konradmühle Bühl

The Unteregger mill, the Balmertshofen mill , the Anhofer mill and the Silheim mill were located on the approaching Osterbach .

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Albert Haug: Mills to Roth and Biber. In: History in the Neu-Ulm district. 12th year 2006, pp. 73-108.
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