Librarianship in Switzerland
The library system in Switzerland has a long history, is organized in many ways and is subject to constant change due to technical progress.
history
In Switzerland's library history, there is a long tradition of municipal, monastery and university libraries . Monastery libraries with attached scriptoria were usually designed and set up from the beginning of the planning of the monastery. One of the oldest monastic libraries is the St. Gallen Abbey Library from 719 from the time of Abbot Otmar von St. Gallen .
Citizens 'libraries emerged in the course of the 17th century, for example the Winterthur libraries go back to the citizens' library from 1660. The Winterthur City Library had collected 12,000 volumes in 1860; in 1900 it was 45,000.
The seminar libraries of universities also have a long history, from which many cantonal libraries go back in whole or in part, for example the theological faculty of the University of Zurich from 1525 and the so-called lecture hall with its theological specialist library.
Sponsorship
Public authorities as the main sponsor
The library system in Switzerland is affected by various legal bases, for example at the federal level the National Library Act, which also regulates the Swiss Literary Archives . Library regulations can, however, also be implemented by the respective institutes and libraries, as affected by ETH legislation at ETH Zurich . The academic freedom of teaching finds its limits at the institute's freedom of education within the university, but is also expressed within the institutes by the freedom of library education and the pluralism within the target. Like any operation also leads the public sector for their internal problems and internal libraries that earlier from a small handset and later Präsenzbestand have emerged and was in time to an external and own perceived by the public library, such as the Federal Parliamentary and central library .
Cantonal library laws have existed in Ticino and Lucerne since 2007. In St. Gallen there has been one since 2013 as a result of a popular initiative for contemporary libraries. In St. Gallen, the law expressly refers to basic library services.
The Swiss National Library collects publications that have appeared in Switzerland, relate to Switzerland or to persons with Swiss citizenship or residence, or are created or co-designed by Swiss authors or authors associated with Switzerland, regardless of the language. In Switzerland, however, there is no obligation for publishers and editors to submit mandatory copies. Instead, the Swiss National Library has concluded individual contracts with the publishers. Gray literature is therefore only partially covered.
Private sponsorships
Private libraries are mostly run by companies and associations. The GGG City Library Basel is z. B. is supported by the Society for the Good and Charitable Basel . Private sponsors are partially supported by the public sector, such as that of the SBS Swiss Library for the Blind, Visually Impaired and Print Disabled .
Numerous specialist, cultural or ideological specialist libraries (e.g. Center International de Recherches sur l'Anarchisme ) are largely privately financed and organized . Private sponsorships or even individuals also operate very small libraries, such as the so-called One Person Libraries .
Size of the libraries
The ETH Library in Zurich alone had a holdings of 2.88 million printed matter (monographs) with 301,000 loans in 2013, with a total of 7.79 million analog and 4.57 million digital resources.
In 2013, the Zurich Central Library had 6.5 million items, with 4.4 million individual works and journal volumes and 921,701 loans. More than 50,000 individual customers borrowed books this year.
In July 2014 the Federal Statistical Office published detailed figures on libraries in Switzerland. The Aargau Cantonal Library was visited over 120,000 times in 2013, the GGG City Library Basel 820,000 times and the Bibliothèques municipales de la Ville de Genève 634,000 times. In the medium-sized cities, for example, the library in Rapperswil-Jona recorded over 51,000 library visits, those in Langenthal 61,000 and Vevey 32,000 visits.
Libraries from the perspective of library users
Digital union catalogs are available for library users, with the number of connected libraries showing an increasing trend. The loan of electronic books has also increased continuously in recent years. and thus also the library network to make it possible to borrow such works: Swiss electronic library . New services such as the eLibrary (online lending) have arisen, where different species are on loan from electronic files. In the recent past, regional systems of electronic libraries have emerged, such as the digital library in Eastern Switzerland .
The initiative Libraries in Switzerland in the context of the Swiss Association of General Public Libraries wants to submit initiatives in all cantons to promote the library system. The cost of a loan for the sponsoring body, mostly the political community, should fall from CHF 6.80 to less than 5 francs. According to the Federal Statistical Office, 44 percent of the population use the library.
Libraries from the perspective of library workers
One of the better known library collaborations is the Swissbib . The libraries and documentation centers are in contact with one another through collaborations such as the Information Switzerland library.
In the vicinity of ETH Zurich and École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne and other practice-oriented educational institutions, the networking between research, teaching and application is particularly intensive, which also affects the type of libraries: Examples include the Magglingen Sports Media Center and the Rolex Learning Center in Lausanne .
Library sociology plays a role on the meta-level of knowledge networking . A library is usually a sub-system of a larger organism, which makes formulated demands on the cost-benefit relationship. A library makes a contribution to participatory structures in a democracy and provides insight into the various subsystems of society. However, it also analyzes the level of media use, for example the preferred reading locations of book users, the information competence of library staff, but also the development of library science as a whole.
Book collections that are not often in demand in the core libraries do not have to be moved to more expensive locations. Projects such as the Cooperative Storage Library Switzerland have emerged to increase the efficiency of book storage .
In order to make research easier for the reader, various libraries and library networks have joined forces for a common search catalog for Switzerland.
International networking: In 2014, an international research committee in media science research, with significant participation from the University of Applied Sciences in Chur and the ETH Library, presented a report on the key trends in today's libraries, which received a lot of attention worldwide.
Networking between publishers and libraries
In the cantons of Vaud, Geneva and Friborg, publishers are obliged to submit a deposit copy ( dépôt légal ) to the public sector.
See also
Individual evidence
- ↑ Johannes Duft: Abbey Library of St. Gallen. Oberholzer Uznach 1967, p. 5.
- ↑ Emanuel Dejung, Peter Sulzer, Pierre Brunner: 300 years of the Winterthur City Library, 1660-1960. (= Neujahrsblatt der Stadtbibliothek Winterthur. Volume 291). Winterthur City Library, Winterthur 1960. pp. 9, 41 ff.
- ↑ http://www.nb.admin.ch/ Website of the Swiss National Library. Retrieved September 4, 2014
- ↑ http://www.admin.ch/ SR 432.21 Federal Act on the Swiss National Library. Retrieved September 4, 2014
- ↑ http://www.admin.ch/ SR 414.110 Federal Act on the Federal Institutes of Technology. Retrieved September 4, 2014.
- ↑ https://www.news.admin.ch/message/index.html?lang=de&msg-id=19545 . Confederation. Retrieved September 4, 2014.
- ↑ http://srl.lu.ch/frontend/versions/197 . Website of the Canton of Lucerne. Retrieved September 4, 2014.
- ↑ http://www.sg.ch/news/1/2014/07/-bibliothek-hauptpost--wird-ende-februar-eroeffnet.html . Website of the canton of St. Gallen. Retrieved September 4, 2014.
- ↑ Archive link ( Memento of the original dated November 4, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. . Retrieved September 4, 2014.
- ↑ Deposit copies at the Juraforum.
- ↑ http://www.library.ethz.ch/de/Ueber-uns/Ffunktion-Sammelgebiete-Kennzahlen . Retrieved September 9, 2014.
- ↑ http://www.zb.uzh.ch/profil/kennzahlen/index.html.de Retrieved on September 9, 2014.
- ↑ Archive link ( Memento of the original dated July 6, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved August 9, 2014.
- ^ Antonio Ursch: The e-book in the library. In: Arbido . ISSN 1420-102X , Edition 3, December 17, 2010, p. 8. online
- ↑ Archive link ( Memento of the original from September 13, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved September 11, 2014.
- ↑ http://www.bibnetz-onleihe.ch/ Retrieved on September 11, 2014.
- ↑ http://www.dibiost.ch/ Retrieved on September 11, 2014.
- ↑ - ( Memento of the original from September 5, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved August 4, 2014.
- ↑ Argumentarium ( Memento of the original from September 15, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. at Initiative Libraries , accessed on August 15, 2014.
- ↑ https://www.fbi.fh-koeln.de/institut/haben/roesch/material/Bibliothekssoziologie-Skript_FOLIEN-1.pdf website of the Cologne University of Applied Sciences. Retrieved September 4, 2014.
- ↑ Archived copy ( Memento of the original from January 28, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ L. Johnson / S. Adams Becker / A. Freeman: NMC Horizon Report: 2014 Library Edition. The New Media Consortium, Austin, Texas 2014. Retrieved August 4, 2014. online
- ↑ Archive link ( Memento of the original dated November 4, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. . Retrieved September 10, 2014