Billia

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Billia
Billia rosea

Billia rosea

Systematics
Rosids
Eurosiden II
Order : Sapindales (Sapindales)
Family : Soap tree family (Sapindaceae)
Subfamily : Horse chestnut family (Hippocastanoideae)
Genre : Billia
Scientific name
Billia
Peyr.

Billia is a genus of plants with two species within the family of the soap tree plants (Sapindaceae).

description

Capsule fruit from Billia spec.

Appearance and leaves

Billia species are deciduous or evergreen trees that reach heights of up to 30 meters. The treetop is rounded or spread out.

The relatively large, opposite leaves are divided into a petiole and a leaf blade. The bare leaf stalks are relatively long, but shorter than the pinnate leaves, and their base widens and encompasses a bit of the stem. The composite leaf blades are fingered in three parts. The leathery, leafless leaflets are egg-shaped or elliptical with a pointed upper end, while the tip of the tip is blunt at the uppermost end. The leaf margins are smooth. There is pinnate veins . The petioles of the leaflet are short. Stipules are missing.

Inflorescences and flowers

Billia species form showy, terminal, up to 25 centimeters long, spike or branched inflorescences that contain many flowers. The bracts are similar to the leaves and the small bracts leave conspicuous rings on the inflorescence axes. The flowers of an inflorescence are hermaphroditic and unisexual.

The flowers can be hermaphroditic or unisexual. The flowers are zygomorphic with a double flower envelope . The five free sepals are often red to purple in color, uneven, ovoid to elongated and overlap at their base like roof tiles. The four or less often five free, nailed petals are unequal, red or white with a yellow or pink base. At the downy hairy base of the nail of the petals there are two or two-column appendages. Of the 8 to 25 millimeter long petals, the upper pair is shorter than the side. The unilateral disc is four- or three-lobed and eccentric. The six to eight stamens towered above the corolla. The stamens are unequal 20 to 30 millimeters long and ascending in an arc. The yellow anthers are glandular at the end of the pollen compartments. The colporate pollen grains are finely grooved. Most three, rarely two or four carpels are at a bare or downy haired, deep-pink, oblong-fusiform, Upper permanent ovary grown. There are two ovules per carpel . The stylus ends in a point-shaped scar .

Fruits and seeds

The 5 to 8 centimeters long, somewhat angular, loculicidal capsule fruits are leathery, smooth or somewhat scaly. The capsule fruits usually open with three fruit valves and usually contain only one, rarely up to three seeds.

The brown or black seeds are 3 to 5 centimeters in diameter. There is a small, light- colored hilum on the seeds .

Systematics and distribution

The genus Billia was established in 1858 by Johann Joseph Peyritsch in Botanische Zeitung (Berlin) , Volume 16, p. 153. The name Billia Peyr. nom. cons. was preserved (Melbourne ICN Art. 14 & App. III) compared to the previously published homonym (Melbourne ICN Art. 53.3) Billya Cass. nom. rej. Type species is Billia hippocastanum Peyr.

The genus Billia belongs to the subfamily Hippocastanoideae within the family Sapindaceae .

The distribution area extends from southern Mexico to northern South America: Venezuela , Colombia and Ecuador (in the provinces of Bolívar , Carchi , Esmeraldas , Imbabura , Napo ).

Only two species are included in the genus Billia :

use

Fruits and seeds of Billia rosea in particular are used in folk medicine . When cooked, the seeds of Billia rosea are similar to the sweet chestnut .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Billia at Tropicos.org. In: Flora of Panama (WFO) . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
  2. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Klaus Kubitzki: Flowering Plants. Eudicots: Sapindales, Cucurbitales, Myrtaceae . In: The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants . Springer Science & Business Media, 2010, ISBN 978-3-642-14397-7 , pp. 374 ( Pedro Acevedo-Rodríguez et al .: Billia on p. 374 in the Google book search).
  3. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Description of the genus in woody plants in the Andes of Ecuador (span.)
  4. ^ Peyritsch scanned in at biodiversitylibrary.org in 1858 .
  5. ^ Billia at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, accessed February 14, 2016.
  6. ^ Billia in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved February 14, 2016.
  7. ^ Billia at Tropicos.org. In: Catalog of the Vascular Plants of Ecuador . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
  8. ^ Billia at Tropicos.org. In: Flora de Nicaragua . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
  9. ↑ Carmen Ulloa Ulloa, Peter M. Jørgensen: Billia rosea: The Correct Name for Billia columbiana (Hippocastanaceae). In Novon , Volume 11, Issue 2, 2001, p. 287. scanned at biodiversitylibrary.org .
  10. ↑ Data sheet at Plants For Use , 2008

Web links

Commons : Billia  - collection of images, videos and audio files

literature

  • F. Forest, JN Drouin, R. Charest, L. Brouillet, A. Bruneau: A morphological phylogenetic analysis of Aesculus L. and Billia Peyr. (Sapindaceae) . In: Canadian Journal of Botany . tape 79 , no. 2 , February 2001, p. 154-169 (16) , doi : 10.1139 / b00-146 .
  • AJ Harris, Sue Lutz, Pedro Acevedo, Jun Wen: The utility of the morphological variation of pollen for resolving the evolutionary history of Billia (subfam. Hippocastanoideae, Sapindaceae) . In: Journal of Systematics and Evolution . tape 53 , no. 3 , October 28, 2014, p. 228-238 , doi : 10.1111 / jse.12130 .