Biology Didactics

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Biology didactics is the subject didactics of biology . Biology didactics is taught as a university discipline at educational colleges and universities . Like the other subject didactics, it is part of the training for the teaching post .

History and current status

Biology classes have existed since the early modern period. Comenius has introduced ways of thinking and working in science lessons. His teaching work "Orbis pictus" (1658) was for a long time the most important natural history textbook. In 1832/1836 August Lüben introduced the “Linnaeus System” into school lessons in order to train observational skills and logical thinking. In Johannes Leunis ' textbook “School - Natural History” (1869) the focus was on identifying plants and animals. Emil August Roßmaessler wanted to be more intelligible and popular. The belittling of living beings and their humanization were long found in many school books. The teacher Friedrich boy brought the new ideas of the community of Möbius in the classroom. The work “ About the Reform Efforts in the Field of Natural History Teaching ” (1896) was directed against young people , with which child-friendly reform efforts by the biologist Otto Schmeil , who in 1898 published the first biology textbooks, emerged. His guiding principle was the functional - morphological approach. In 1883, Darwinian evolution was banned for all school teaching in Prussia and it was not included in the curriculum until 1925. Biology has now been introduced as a compulsory subject in upper school classes. In elementary school, health education emerged, which fit both reform pedagogy and folk education. With reform pedagogy, Cornel Schmitt developed a methodology for excursions on which the students should gain specific biological knowledge. In the Nazi education, however, the focus was on racism and thus heredity, racial studies and racial hygiene . Otto Hermann Steche belonged to the first row of school didactics. After 1945, despite the continuity of personnel, the focus was again on the preparation of specialist biological content for schools and lessons ( didactic reduction ). The grammar school lessons were strongly oriented towards the systematics of animals and plants. The authoritative textbook in the FRG was the Linder Biologie . For a long time, areas of conflict were sex education and still evolutionary theory . In addition, there was ecology and nature conservation . Gerhard Dietrich held a leading position in the GDR . Here the genetics were at times controversial, but also environmental protection.

In the course of the professionalization of teacher training , the research focus of biology didactics has changed further. Since the 1990s, a research discipline based on empirical and social science methods has been established. Typical research areas of empirically working biology didactics concern questions of everyday ideas of the learner, motivation, interest and attitude to and on topics of biology lessons, the analysis of learning processes and the like. a. based on the pedagogical constructivism , study of teaching-learning processes in knowledge acquisition and evaluation, expertise research and research on teaching quality. The didactic reconstruction model systematically combines development research on subject content and empirical research on learner perspectives. Research results and their implementation in teaching practice are linked in a methodically controlled manner.

An important publication organ of German-language research in biology didactics is the journal for the didactics of natural sciences (ZfDN), which is also open to other didactics of natural science subjects. In 2007, Dirk Krüger and Helmut Vogt (1954–2006) published an overview of the status of empirical research and its background in German-speaking countries .

Biology didactics at universities are more likely to be organized in the Didactics of Biology section in the Association of Biology, Biosciences and Biomedicine in Germany (VBIO). Research into the teaching and learning of biological knowledge is seen as an essential scientific task of the members of the specialist section. At the European level, ERIDOB conferences, the European Researchers in Didactics of Biology, take place every two years . There is also the MNU teachers' association, the German association for the promotion of STEM teaching .

In accordance with the deviating subject structure in schools in many other countries, international research contributions in the field of biology didactics can often be found under the more general title of 'Science Education'.

See also

literature

  • Änne Bäumer : Nazi biology. S. Hirzel / Wissenschaftliche Verlagsgesellschaft, Stuttgart 1990, ISBN 978-3-8047-1127-3 .
  • Änne Bäumer-Schleinkofer: Biology lessons in the Third Reich. Nazi biology and school. Peter Lang, Frankfurt am Main 1992, ISBN 978-3-631-45047-5 .
  • Änne Bäumer-Schleinkofer: Biology under the swastika. Biology and School in the Third Reich. In: Universitas . Volume 47, No. 547, January 1992, pp. 48-61.
  • Hans-Peter Michael Freyer: From medieval medicine to modern biology lessons. Volume 1: Analysis of the fundamentals and course of cultural establishment processes. Volume 2: Bibliographies and overviews on the history of medicine / "biology" teaching. Edited by Gundolf Keil , Wissenschaftsverlag Rothe, Passau 1995, ISBN 978-3-927575-44-8 .
  • Hans-Peter Michael Freyer: Biology lessons in the German Empire (1870-1918). In: Würzburg medical history reports. Volume 24, 2005, pp. 405-414.
  • Karl Otto Sauerbeck: Didactics in the Third Reich using the example of the biology textbook by Steche-Stengel-Wagner. In: Specialized prose research - Crossing borders. Volume 8/9, 2012/2013 (2014), pp. 391-412.

Didactic journals

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Out of the classroom! , Beltz, Langensalza 1922; The park as a community. Living communities of the German homeland, Leipzig approx. 1930; Biology in the work school , BSV 1951
  2. ↑ See for example Erich Stengel (Meiningen); Basics of biological teaching. In: The Thuringian educator. Year 1935, issue 13/14, pp. 420–422; the same: the orientation of biological teaching. In: The Biologist. Volume 5, 1936, pp. 173-186. Paul Brohmer and Ernst Lehmann were Reich Referees for Biology.
  3. ^ Hans-Dieter Haller: Proseminar: Pedagogical Research in the Historical Process. Retrieved April 24, 2020 .
  4. ↑ Dirk Krüger and Helmut Vogt (eds.) (2007) Theories in Biology Didactic Research. A handbook for student teachers and PhD students. Berlin: Springer
  5. ↑ Ulrich Kattmann (2007): Didactic reconstruction - a practical theory . In: Dirk Krüger / Helmut Vogt (Hrsg.): Theories in biological didactic research . Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, p. 93-104 .
  6. ↑ Harald Gropengießer, Ute Harms, Ulrich Kattmann (eds.): Fachdidaktik Biologie. 10th edition. Aulis, Hallbergmoos 2016.
  7. ^ Journal for the Didactics of Natural Sciences
  8. ↑ Book review by Horst Schecker (2009) in: Journal for Didaktik der Naturwissenschaften. Volume 15, pp. 379–380, full text of the review (PDF) ( Memento from July 22, 2013 in the Internet Archive )
  9. ↑ Section Didactics of Biology in the Association of Biology, Biosciences and Biomedicine in Germany /
  10. ↑ Policy Paper of the European Researchers in Didactics of Biology 2012. ( Memento of July 14, 2014 in the Internet Archive )
  11. ^ MNU - Association for the Promotion of MINT Lessons - MNU - Homepage. Retrieved April 24, 2020 .