Local fighting facility Bonnland
Coordinates: 50 ° 2 ′ 59 ″ N , 9 ° 51 ′ 56 ″ E
Bonn Country is a 1937 abgesiedeltes village with 120 buildings, which now as a local martial system in the training area Hammelburg is used. The Hammelburg practice camp has existed since 1896, the first shooting ranges were laid out in 1895. The first target practice took place in the autumn of 1895. In the exercises u. a. the Royal Bavarian 19th Infantry Regiment (then in Aschaffenburg ) and the Royal Bavarian 5th Field Artillery Regiment ( Landau ). Until 1910, all units belonging to the Royal Bavarian II Army Corps practiced in Hammelburg for several weeks a year.
Like the neighboring village of Hundsfeld, which has also been closed, Bonnland serves as a training place for the infantry school in Hammelburg and, in recent years, increasingly for the training of soldiers of the Bundeswehr who are earmarked for missions abroad.
The police , federal police , THW , disaster control , dog teams and fire brigades also use the former village for training purposes.
history
Bonnland is located in an area whose settlement dates back to the Neolithic Age. Later it was Celts who were displaced by Germanic tribes in the second and first centuries BC. Marcomanni and Alamanni served the area as a transit country. After the victory of the Franks over the Alamanni in AD 494 and over the Thuringians in 531/532, the Franconian conquest began. At the beginning of the 8th century, the early Franconian settlements, including Bonnland, emerged.
In a Fulda certificate, the place was first mentioned in 802 under the name "Bonlante" together with the neighboring Hundsfeld ("Hundesfuelt"). Changing rulers characterized the early history of the place, torn in its fiefdom obligations. The Fulda monastery also received goods in Bonnland through donations.
The Barons of Thüngen were documented named in 1320 as landowners in Bonn land and erected in 1331 on a neighboring hill, the Reußenburg . In 1356 Reuss I von Thüngen was the owner of the place. The residents of Bonnland suffered from the repeated quarrels between the Lords of Thüngen and the Bishop of Würzburg .
In 1523 the Swabian Federation appeared and destroyed part of the castle. The owner Hans Jörg von Thüngen was a supporter of Hans Thomas von Absberg . For the event, see also Wandereisen woodcuts from 1523 .
During the Peasants' War in 1525, the Reußenburg and the Greifenstein aristocratic seat in Bonnland were destroyed. Kaspar von Thüngen left Bonnland and fled to the Sodenberg. Only in 1568 did Philip III. von Thüngen, who was considered a promoter of the Reformation , again built the newly built Greifenstein Castle . According to the cuius regio eius religio of the Augsburg Religious Peace of 1555, Bonnland became Protestant following its rule and remained so until its dissolution.
The plague claimed 120 victims among the residents of Bonnland in 1635. The place only recovered from this bloodletting after 50 years.
The indebted grandson of Philip III. von Thüngen, Julius Albrecht, sold the place to Major General Hans Georg von Rußwurm on May 3, 1658 . In the same year, he married the family of Gleichen . The friendship of this family with the poet Friedrich von Schiller meant that he stayed at Greifenstein Castle for a long time in 1793. Finally, through the marriage of Schiller's youngest daughter Emilie to Adalbert von Gleichen-Rußwurm in 1828, a family bond was also established.
The old Michaeliskirche was demolished on May 4th 1685 and rebuilt using the tower again.
Bonnland was in the border area of the Hochstifte Fulda and Würzburg . While Hundsfeld, only one kilometer away, formed the southernmost base of the clerical principality of Fulda, Bonnland belonged to the Principality of Würzburg.
French migrants plundered Bonnland during their forays into southern Germany in the First Coalition War (1792 to 1797) in 1796.
In 1895 the military training area Camp Hammelburg was created for the 2nd Army Corps by the Bavarian War Ministry . Like several other localities, Bonnland had to give up large areas for this. With 430 daily work , the loss of agricultural land was almost half of the previously used area.
After the end of the First World War , in which 9 of the 78 soldiers from Bonnland were killed and 15 wounded, the military training area was closed due to the provisions of the Versailles Treaty . However, the ceded areas were not transferred back, but leased to the original owners. The area was left to the Reich property administration for exclusively peaceful use.
In 1935 the army administration took over the former military training area again and used it to build up additional units for the new Wehrmacht . In 1938 the practice area was expanded by 1,480 hectares. Like Hundsfeld, Bonnland not only had to give up the previous areas, but the expansion meant the demise of the two villages. They were disbanded and resettled. Most of Bonnland's 280 inhabitants came to Wässerndorf and the Winkelhof in the Kitzingen district . On April 1, 1938, the Bonnland community ceased to exist. The amount of compensation for the resettled community in the amount of 228,886 RM was transferred to the Karlstadt District Treasury.
Friedrich von Schiller's great-grandson, Alexander von Gleichen-Rußwurm , also had to evacuate Greifenstein Castle , which his family had owned for over 450 years , with his wife . With the compensation he was able to rent the Villa Menschikow in Baden-Baden , where he died on October 25, 1947.
On September 21, 1943, the municipality was officially incorporated into the Hammelburg Heeresguts district.
After the end of the Second World War , many refugees found a temporary new home in the deserted village. On April 1, 1949, Bonnland, which now had 550 inhabitants, was again assigned a political municipality and the former district of Karlstadt (today Main-Spessart ). In the neighboring Hundsfeld, too, new settlement courtyards were built, which belonged to the Hammelburg district (today Bad Kissingen ).
In 1951, on the instructions of the American occupation, the military training area was threatened with another huge expansion from 3872 to 6490 hectares, to which, in addition to Bonnland and Hundsfeld, five other villages with a total of 5463 inhabitants were to fall victim. After the realization of these plans had to be abandoned due to massive protest and resistance of the population, which was also effectively politically supported, after the establishment of the Bundeswehr and the establishment of the infantry school on April 1, 1956 in the Hammelburg camp, a resettlement of Bonnland and Hundsfeld. On January 14, 1965, the last inhabitants of Bonnland left the village, which has since been used as a training village for house-to-house combat . The Bonnland community was officially dissolved on July 1, 1972. Their area was added to the small town of Hammelburg.
Since the 1980s, some buildings have been rebuilt in order to be able to run through extended exercise scenarios. In particular, there is a four-story house in the southeast of the village for abseiling exercises from helicopters.
Out of respect for the former villagers, the village church of St. Michaelis and the former cemetery with the grave of Emilie von Gleichen-Rußwurm around the church are excluded from any exercise activity. The church property is horticultural tended and maintained by the employees of the Bundeswehr Service Center .
Training facilities
- Teaching room (with cinema system and landscape model)
- various civil institutions (street café, workshop, etc.)
- Observer positions
- Sewer system
- several demonstration systems (" hidden cargo " (booby traps), weapon effect, etc.)
- Local fighting track (climbing, abseiling, balancing)
- Fire house / fire simulation system
- bunkered field installation
- Practice house sharp shot
Greifenstein Castle
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Above Bonnland is the Romanesque vaults of a former convent by Philip III. Greifenstein Castle , built by Thüngen . Emilie von Gleichen-Rußwurm (née von Schiller), the daughter of Friedrich von Schiller , married the future lord of the castle, Count Heinrich Albert von Gleichen-Rußwurm . The Counts of Gleichen are buried in the Erfurt Cathedral and in the Bonnland crypt.
Bonnland Festival
- Every year since 1978, the Evangelical Military Pastoral Care in Hammelburg has organized the "Bonnland Festival" on the first Sunday in October ( Thanksgiving Sunday ) with the support of the Bundeswehr . Former residents of the village and their relatives as well as all interested citizens have the opportunity to visit the village for a few hours and take part in a service on this day. The actual festival takes place in the Scheibenhof of the Hammelburg shooting range.
- In addition, every five years in June / July a "Big Bonnland Festival" is organized by the Bundeswehr directly in the center of Bonnland. This is aimed at the general public and various activities are offered, such as the Bundeswehr fashion show, combat demonstrations, weapons shows, military vehicle exhibitions and tank rides. The Bonnlandfest 2005 took place on June 18 and 19, with around 29,000 visitors reviving the place for two days.
- The date for the Bonnlandfest 2010 was July 17th and 18th, 2010. With reference to the high logistical effort involved in the preparation and follow-up of the Bonnlandfest, the festival was combined with the wine festival taking place in the city center at the same time as agreed with the Hammelburg city administration. This was also based on the idea of bringing the armed forces and the civilian population closer together against the background of the current discussion about the future of conscription and the anchoring of the Bundeswehr in society . The Bundeswehr had set up their stands and display stations on the Saalewiesen south of the city center. Within the Bundeswehr it was pointed out that the current situation in Afghanistan required that Bonnland's capacities should be reserved as far as possible for the training troops.
literature
- August Keßler: Bonnland / Once the pearl of the brook bottom. Editor: Keßler, Seinsheim 1982
- Wilhelm Ortmann: Bonnland / A small village with a great history. Published by: Ortmann, Euerdorf 1995.
- Bonnland and Hundsfeld. The villages in the Bannland in Hans Bauer: Mysterious Franconia , Volume III, Part 1, Dettelbach 2000, ISBN 3-89754-149-1
- Hanns-Helmut Schnebel : On the history of the Hammelburg military training area and its military use in: “Mainfränkisches Jahrbuch” No. 47, 1995, p. 50 ff.
Web links
- An abandoned village - the Bonnland military training area . In: BR , November 7, 2015
- Impressions of the Great Bonnland Festival 2005
Individual evidence
- ^ A b c Wilhelm Volkert (Ed.): Handbook of the Bavarian offices, municipalities and courts 1799–1980 . CH Beck, Munich 1983, ISBN 3-406-09669-7 , p. 478 .