Boris Brainin

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Boris Brainin , maiden name: Leer Brainin , main pseudonym: Sepp Österreicher , other pseudonyms: Natalie Sinner, Berthold Brandt, Klara Peters (born August 10, 1905 , Nikolajew ; † March 11, 1996 in Vienna ) was an Austrian poet , satirist , re-poet , Translator , polyglot (fluent in 15 languages; adaptations from 26 languages ​​were published in his last book) and anti-fascist .

Life

Born in the Russian Empire , Boris Brainin was taken by his parents to Vienna when he was just a few months old, where members of the Brainin family were already living. The poet's parents were Leo Brainin (March 6, 1877–1953) and Rivitta (Riva Itta) Brainin (née Trachter, 1877–1974).

Brainin graduated from the University of Vienna with a doctorate in German studies . He joined the Communist Party of Austria (KPÖ) in 1927 . In 1934, Brainin took on the part of the Republican Defense Corps on February uprising part and was forced to leave Vienna after the defeat. He fled to the Soviet Union via Poland .

From 1935 on he taught linguistics to students of the Pedagogical Institute of the Volga German Republic in the city of Engels . Among them were the parents of the composer Alfred Schnittke . Birth on the territory of the Russian Empire enabled him to acquire Soviet citizenship. During the Great Terror in 1938, Brainin fell victim to NKVD Order No. 00439 , but was not shot. Until 1942 he was imprisoned in the Gulag in the Northern Urals and until 1945 in the labor army. Boris Brainin's change of citizenship may have saved his life. His brother Wilhelm Brainin, who also emigrated to the Soviet Union and was then imprisoned, who was born in Vienna, had not been able to take on Soviet citizenship. The Soviet Union deported him to Nazi Germany in 1940, where, in the opinion of Boris Brainin , he was murdered as a Jew in the Majdanek concentration camp :

“In Buenos Aires, my parents received notification from the Lublin rabbinate that their son, Dr. Wilhelm Brainin died of a heart infection in the Lublin ghetto on November 30, 1941. Most likely he was gassed in the neighboring Majdanek extermination camp. "

- Sepp Österreicher (Boris Brainin) : Wridol's memories. Memories of a workhorse . - Vienna: Pilum Literaturverlag, 2019. - p.79

Brainin then lived in exile in Nizhny Tagil with reduced rights and taught in schools. In 1955 his criminal record was canceled, he moved to Tomsk , where he got an apprenticeship as a lecturer in German lexicology at the Pedagogical University, and was rehabilitated in 1957 . Knowledge of many languages ​​also helped him in Tomsk:

"I also had an extra income: During the years of my stay in Tomsk, I translated documents from 18 languages ​​for the city notary's office."

- Sepp Österreicher (Boris Brainin) : Wridol's memories. Memories of a workhorse . - Vienna: Pilum Literaturverlag, 2019. - p.161

With the support of Samuil Marschak and Lew Ginsburg , the well-known Soviet translators from German, he moved to Moscow. He worked as a literary advisor in the Russian German newspaper " Neues Leben " (1960–1992). He made a significant contribution to the emergence, preservation and development of the Russian-German literature. In the words of Wendelin Mangold , he had the following view of the circumstances in which this literature existed:

"At this point I would like to remind you of the legendary saying of the prominent Russian-German poet Boris Brainin, pseudonym Sepp Österreicher, who is said to have once said: To see Russian-German literature, you have to get on your knees"

- Wendelin Mangold

In 1959 he became a member of the Writers' Union of the USSR .

The KPÖ made him an honorary member in 1978 and awarded him the Koplenig Medal for his services in the fight against fascism.

In 1992 Brainin was repatriated to Austria . Before his repatriation, he wrote the memoirs of his life in the gulag in Russian. After arriving in Austria, he wrote the German version of the memoir ("Memories of a work horse"). The Brainins archive is mainly kept by the Wiener Literaturhaus and partly by the University of Bremen .

Literary activity

Brainin published approx. 1500 adaptations of the poetry of Soviet poets and translated a. a. Pushkin's Eugene Onegin into German. His adaptations follow the rhythm and rhyme of the original and also meet the requirements of philological accuracy. Among his adaptations are works by Sergei Jessenin , Anna Akhmatova , Nikolai Gumiljow , Marina Tsvetaeva , Boris Pasternak , Nikolai Sabolotski , Konstantin Simonow , Yevgeny Evtushenko , Andrei Voznesensky , Robert Roshdestvensky , Bella Akhmadulina , Bulat Okudschawa and many others. I.a. Brainin translated songs from the Russian cult film Irony of Fate .

Known relatives

Boris Brainin is the father of the Russian-German music functionary, music teacher, music theorist and poet Valeri Brainin and is related to:

Works (selection)

  • Sepp Austrian. With one serene, one wet eye . Progress Publishing House, Moscow, 1967, DNB 575298669
  • Sepp Austrian. Travel from A to Z . - Moscow, 1970.
  • Sepp Austrian. Where does our home begin? Selected adaptations of Soviet poetry. - Moscow: Progress Publishing House, 1973. - 176 pp.
  • Sepp Austrian. Peter Ohneruh and others . - Moscow, 1977.
  • Sepp Austrian. Potpourri (humor salad. Satirical intermezzo. All sorts of Kinderland) . - Moscow, 1981.
  • Sepp Austrian. Echo. Selected adaptations of Soviet poetry. - Moscow: Raduga-Verlag, 1986. - 295 pp. ISBN 5-05-000594-9
  • Brainin BL Wridol's Memories (in Russian) . - Moscow, 1987. Typescript, 197 pp
  • Brainin BL Wridol's Memoirs (in Russian) , publication in the journal «Kreschtschatik», 2010–2012
  • Sepp Österreicher (Boris Brainin). Wridol's memories. Memories of a workhorse . - Vienna: Pilum Literaturverlag, 2019. ISBN 978-3-902960-98-6

Web links

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  1. ↑ Robert Streibel . The fifth pseudonym. The life of the camp inmate and humorist Boris Brainin . // In: Hans Schafranek (ed.): Die Betrogenen. Austrians as victims of Stalinist terror in the Soviet Union. Vienna: Picus 1991, ISBN 3-85452-219-3
  2. ^ Sepp Austrians. Echo . Selected adaptations of Soviet poetry. - Moscow: Raduga Publishing House, 1986. - 295 pp
  3. ↑ Holocaust List
  4. ^ Website of Valeri Brainin. family
  5. ↑ Boris Brainin. Memories of a workhorse . - Vienna, 1992. Typescript.
  6. ↑ Brainin B. Memories (Russian)
  7. ^ Sepp Österreicher (Boris Brainin). Wridol's memories. Memories of a workhorse . - Vienna: Pilum Literaturverlag, 2019. - p.192.
  8. ^ Sepp Österreicher (Boris Brainin). Wridol's memories. Memories of a workhorse . - Vienna: Pilum Literaturverlag, 2019. - p. 161, p.192.
  9. ^ Brantsch, Ingmar . Lexicon of German-Russian Literature. // In: Volk auf dem Weg, December 2004, 11 (English version is also available online: Lexikon of German-Russian Literature ) (this lexicon contains some inaccuracies)
  10. ^ Boris Brainin in the Sakharov Center
  11. ↑ Wendelin Mangold reviews Ingmar Brantsch: Incorrects about Political Correctness
  12. ^ List of Moscow writers
  13. ^ Sepp Austrians. Eugene Onegin von Pushkin. Translation of the 1st stanza
  14. ^ Sepp Austrians. Re-seals
  15. ↑ "Irony of Fate or Good Steam". Music from the Russian cult film ( Memento from March 4, 2016 in the Internet Archive ). Article dated January 4, 2009, accessed July 21, 2015
  16. ↑ Harald Brainin has died. // Vienna online. - 6.09.2006
  17. ↑ ARCHIVAL MATERIALS. Max Brainin Collection, 1909-1938
  18. ↑ Univ.-Prof. Dr. Michael Brainin. Danube University Krems
  19. ↑ Brainin BL Memoirs (Russian)
personal data
SURNAME Brainin, Boris
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Brainin, Leer (real name); Austrian, Sepp (pseudonym); Sinner, Natalie (pseudonym); Brandt, Berthold (pseudonym); Peters, Klara (pseudonym)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Austrian poet, satirist, post-poet, translator, anti-fascist
DATE OF BIRTH August 10, 1905
PLACE OF BIRTH Nikolayev , Russian Empire , today Ukraine
DATE OF DEATH March 11, 1996
Place of death Vienna