Brodiaea pallida
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Brodiaea pallida |
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| Hoover |
Brodiaea pallida is a species of the genus Brodiaea in the asparagus family (Asparagaceae). This endemic occurs only in the western US state of California .
description
Vegetative characteristics
Brodiaea pallida grows as a perennial herbaceous plant . Plant tubers are formed as persistence organs . One to six narrow leaves are produced per tuber during the growing season.
Generative characteristics
The flowering time in California is in spring from late May to early June. The slender inflorescence stem is 10 to 20 centimeters long. At the end of the inflorescence stem there is an open, golden inflorescence . The bracts also cases, this is still in bud during the inflorescence, not completely. There are also cover sheets . The flower stalk is 5 to 30 centimeters long.
The hermaphrodite flowers are radial symmetry and threefold. There are two circles, each with three bracts , which are fused at their base. The three outer bracts are slightly narrower than the inner three. The six purple or lilac bracts are fused to form a jug-shaped, opaque flower tube with a length of 9 to 11 millimeters, which narrows slightly above the ovary and does not open up until the fruit is ripe. The corolla is a total of 14 to 24 millimeters long and the free part of the bracts is usually more than twice as long as the flower tube. The free part of the bracts is 9 to 11 millimeters in length spread out or strongly bent back. In Brodiaea pallida there are three sterile stamens, ie staminodes , that are fused with the bracts and resemble small petals and each face the outer bracts. In the close to the stamens located, white and with a width of 8 to 11 millimeters relatively wide staminodes, the edges are half rolled up at the middle of their length and the upper end is deeply notched. The three fertile stamens are located opposite the inner bracts and are also fused at the base of the envelope. The base of the 4 to 5 millimeter long stamens is not triangular, has a narrow wing below, but no appendages. The size and shape of the stamens and the structures at the base of the stamens are important determinants for the Brodiaea species. The anthers are 2 to 3 millimeters in length ± inverted heart-shaped and the upper end is notched to form a broad V. Three carpels are long to a 4 to 5 millimeters, three crests membered ovary grown. The 8 to 11 millimeter long stylus ends in a three-lobed scar .
The egg-shaped capsule fruits open in folds = loculicide. The seeds are black.
The number of chromosomes is 2n = 12.
Occurrence and endangerment
From Brodiaea pallida only one locality is known near Chinese Camp, hence the English common name Chinese Camp brodiaea, in California's Tuolumne County . It thrives in the foothills of the forest in open locations along episodic river beds of a flowing water on soils above serpentine rock at altitudes of 300 to 400 meters.
The only population of Brodiaea pallida is endangered because its area only extends a quarter of a mile along this flowing water. The threat comes from grazing and anthropogenic development.
Brodiaea pallida forms hybrids with Brodiaea elegans .
Systematics
Taxonomy
The first description of Brodiaea pallida carried out in 1938 by Robert Francis Hoover in Leaflets of Western Botany , Volume 2, Issue 8, pages 129-130. The type material was deposited under the number Hoover 2375 (Institution: HT: UC).
Relationships of the Brodiaea species
The relationship of the Brodiaea species, especially between Brodiaea pallida , Brodiaea minor and Brodiaea nana , remains unclear in 2006. The origin of the different degrees of ploidy in the related species is still unclear in 2006.
A group of related species, perhaps with the rank of a section, are Brodiaea stellaris , Brodiaea insignis , Brodiaea nana , Brodiaea minor and Brodiaea pallida . Brodiaea pallida and Brodiaea nana are diploid with a base chromosome number of x = 6 and are similar in their flavonoid chemistry, and their flower morphology is similar. The areas of Brodiaea pallida and Brodiaea nana overlap.
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Brodiaea pallida. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Accessed December 31, 2019.
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k J. Chris Pires: In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee (Hrsg.): Flora of North America North of Mexico. Volume 26: Magnoliophyta: Liliidae: Liliales and Orchidales , Oxford University Press, New York and Oxford, 2002, ISBN 0-19-515208-5 . Brodiaea pallida Hoover , p. 326 - online with the same text as the printed work .
- ↑ Brodiaea pallida in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Accessed December 31, 2019.
- ↑ a b c d J. Chris Pires, Robert E. Preston: Brodiaea , 2012: Brodiaea pallida data sheet in Jepson Flora Project (ed.): Jepson eFlora .
- ↑ a b Brodiaea pallida at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, accessed December 31, 2019.
- ^ A b Robert E. Preston: A reconsideration of Brodiaea minor (Benth.) S. Watson and Brodiaea purdyi Eastwood (Themidaceae), with the resurrection of Brodiaea nana Hoover. In: Madroño , Volume 53, Issue 1, 2006, pp. 46-54. JSTOR 41425633 doi : 10.3120 / 0024-9637 (2006) 53 [46: arobmb] 2.0.co; 2
Web links
- Data sheet of Brodiaea pallida at Pacific Bulb Society with detailed photos. last accessed on December 31, 2019.
- USDA profiles with distribution map.
- Digitized herbarium specimens from representatives of the genus Brodiaea .
- Data sheet of Brodiaea pallida at Calflora Database with distribution map and photos.