Brome Castle
| Brome Castle | ||
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 Brome Castle as a detail from the Merian copperplate engraving by Brome in 1654 |
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| Creation time : | around 1200 | |
| Castle type : | Niederungsburg | |
| Conservation status: | Preserved essential parts | |
| Standing position : | Noble | |
| Place: | Brome | |
| Geographical location | 52 ° 36 '11.2 " N , 10 ° 56' 55.4" E | |
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Brome Castle is a partially well-preserved, medieval moated castle in the Brome area in Lower Saxony . Along with Gifhorn Castle, it is one of the most important historical fortifications in the Gifhorn district . The listed castle, which is used as a local history museum and focuses on rural self-sufficiency and old handicrafts, is of regional tourist importance.
Emergence
Burg Brome was built as a low castle not far from the settlement of Brome in the swampy valley of the Ohre in a river bend. The watercourse protected it on two sides, and a moat surrounded it on the other sides . Around 1200 the castle was initially a wooden structure with a tower surrounded by a moat, palisades and a wall. In its history it has been destroyed several times in armed conflicts. The current building was built in the 16th century and was probably based on the foundations of older predecessor buildings.
The Merian copper engraving from 1654 shows the main castle (right), which was separated from the outer castle (left) with the outer works by a drawbridge over a moat. The defense tower is much higher than it is shown today. At that time it still had a parapet walk around it . The castle building was also two floors higher than the north wing that is still in existence today. At that time, its roof had two gables . In the 17th century, a gate tower and other outbuildings belonged to the castle , which made the castle a complex that was closed on all sides.
Building description
Today the castle complex consists of the smaller east wing and the elongated northern main wing. In between, the stair tower rises in the inner courtyard with a height of around 23 m. The two-storey main building measures 37 × 9 m and dates from the 16th century. It was restored with bricks in the monastery format . In his basement there are cross vaults in two rooms .
The castle has been used as a local history museum since 1979, the focus of which is on the presentation of rural self-sufficiency and old crafts (including blacksmith, shoemaker, wood turner, carpenter) in the Bromer Land. Further offers are a medieval herb garden , a basket beekeeping and a museum café. The castle festival, which took place every year in August from 1981 to 2010, was a magnet for many visitors from the region.
Castle ice cellar
Herb garden
Beekeeping beehives
history
The castle was first mentioned in a document in the inheritance contract of Henry the Lion in 1203. In it, the paternal inheritance was divided between the three sons. In the Treaty of Paderborn, Count Palatine Heinrich confirmed the property to his brother Wilhelm, including Brome. The castle was one of over 70 border festivals in the Duchy of Braunschweig-Lüneburg . Their task was to protect against the neighboring areas of power of the Electorate of Brandenburg and the Archdiocese of Magdeburg .
The medieval history of Brome, in which the castle and town were passed back and forth between different rulers, was restless and eventful. At different times the noble families von Bartensleben , von der Schulenburg and von dem Knesebeck belonged to the owners . The castle served as a defense, court site, home of the bailiff and as a commercial building.
Around 1214 the knight and ministerial Friedrich von Karow sat at Brome Castle . From there he administered the Bromer Land. In 1219 the castle was destroyed in a conflict between the Guelphs and the Archbishop of Magdeburg. In 1292 Brome fell to the Margrave of Brandenburg , but returned to the Guelph branch because of its childlessness. Around 1300 there was another destruction of the castle. In 1360 their ruler, Duke Magnus von Braunschweig, pledged the castle and town to von Bartensleben . 1492 took over Fritz V. from Schulenburg († 1505) by Duke Henry I the Burg Brome as a fief . His son Fritz VII von der Schulenburg († 1558) sold Brome and other surrounding villages of the court Brome to Christoph von dem Knesebeck in 1548 and took up residence at Gut Fahrenhorst . His son Jobst von dem Knesebeck and his brothers Clamer and Matthias sold Brome Castle in 1583 to their uncles, Günter and Günzel von Bartensleben, gentlemen in Wolfsburg .
When the last male representative of the von Bartensleben family, Gebhard Werner von Bartensleben, died out in 1742, the Brome Castle came back into the possession of the Counts of Schulenburg. At the time of his death, only Anna Adelheit Catharina von Bartensleben , the widow of Adolph Friedrich von der Schulenburg, lived of his children . According to Adolph Friedrich von der Schulenburg's will, the goods were divided up when the eldest son, Gebhard Werner von der Schulenburg , turned 25. In 1748, the Bisdorf and Brome estates fell to Gebhard Werner von der Schulenburg by lottery . After his death, Brome Castle remained in the possession of the Wolfsburg line of the von der Schulenburg family and passed to Gebhard von der Schulenburg-Wolfsburg , Werner von der Schulenburg-Wolfsburg , Günther von der Schulenburg , Werner-Karl-Hermann Graf von der Schulenburg-Wolfsburg , Günther Graf von der Schulenburg-Wolfsburg and Günzel Graf von der Schulenburg-Wolfsburg .
In 1937, the Ulrich von Hutten regional year camp was set up in the castle , and the toilet house, which is still in use today, was built in the same year because there were no toilets in the castle.
In 2001 the village of Brome bought the castle from the von der Schulenburg family. The centuries-old pile foundation of the castle was missing. From 2009 to 2014 the castle was completely renovated and reopened in September 2014 with a renewed museum exhibition.
literature
- Johann Dietrich Bödeker: The land of Brome and the upper Vorsfelder Werder. History of the room at Ohre, Drömling and Kleiner Aller. Braunschweig 1985, ISBN 3-87884-028-4 .
- Hans Adolf Schultz : Castles, palaces and mansions in the Gifhorn-Wolfsburg area. Gifhorn 1985.
- Andreas Reucher: Brome Castle Local History Museum. In: Museums and excursion destinations in the Gifhorn-Wolfsburg area. Gifhorn 1989.
- Fritz Boldhaus: 1203–2003. 800 years of Brome. A reflection on the anniversary. Ed .: Museum and Heimatverein Brome eV, Brome 2002.
Web links
- Entry by Christian Frey on Brome Castle in the scientific database " EBIDAT " of the European Castle Institute
- Brome Castle in the Lower Saxony Monument Atlas
- Description and photos at burgerbe-Blog.de
- Brome Castle Museum
- Reconstruction drawing by Wolfgang Braun
Individual evidence
- ^ Dietrich Werner Graf von der Schulenburg, Hans Wätjen: History of the sex from the Schulenburg 1237 to 1983. Lower Saxony printing and publishing house Günter Hempel Wolfsburg, ISBN 3 87327 000 5 , Wolfsburg 1984, pp. 139–140.
- ^ Dietrich Werner Graf von der Schulenburg, Hans Wätjen: History of the sex from the Schulenburg 1237 to 1983. Lower Saxony printing and publishing house Günter Hempel Wolfsburg, ISBN 3 87327 000 5 , Wolfsburg 1984, pp. 223-224, 234.
- ↑ Dietrich Werner Graf von der Schulenburg, Hans Wätjen: History of the sex from the Schulenburg 1237 to 1983. Lower Saxony printing and publishing house Günter Hempel Wolfsburg, ISBN 3 87327 000 5 , Wolfsburg 1984, pp. 232-233, 238, 386.