Ebernburg Castle
| Ebernburg | ||
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 The Ebernburg - West View (2007) |
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| Creation time : | 1338 | |
| Castle type : | Hilltop castle | |
| Conservation status: | Received or received substantial parts | |
| Standing position : | Imperial knight, count since 1753 | |
| Place: | Ebernburg | |
| Geographical location | 49 ° 48 '25.4 " N , 7 ° 50' 19" E | |
| Height: | 188 m above sea level NHN | |
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The ebernburg castle ( French Ebrebourg ) gives the district Ebernburg the city of Bad Münster-Ebernburg in the district of Bad Kreuznach ( Rheinland-Pfalz ) the name.
Geographical location
The Ebernburg is at the southeastern edge of the district of the same on a promontory above the nearby valley in 188 m height.
history
A first hilltop castle and a settlement may originally have existed at a different location, namely in the area around the Evangelical Old Johannes Church (so-called fortified church ) in Ebernburg.
The first written mention of the name "Ebernburc" comes from 1206, although according to Böcher it is not clear whether the name refers to the castle or the place. However, Böcher considers it unlikely that the place is older than the castle. In 1338 - that's for sure - Raugraf Ruprecht and Count Johann von Sponheim-Kreuznach built the castle.
The Ebernburg seen across the Nahe
Most famous lord of the castle: Franz von Sickingen, 1520
Historical outline of the Ebernburg (plaque in the castle courtyard)
In 1448 the entire Ebernburg estate came into the pledge and later fiefdoms of the Sickingers , who only ceded them to the Electoral Palatinate in 1750 and 1771. Under Schweickhardt von Sickingen and his son Franz , the castle was expanded in 1482 and armed with artillery; In particular, there were several heavy artillery pieces , the sharp ones.
The Ebernburg received the nickname "Hostel of Justice" from the humanist Ulrich von Hutten , a friend of Franz von Sickingen, in a pamphlet on the bull Exsurge Domine , which Pope Leo X. had issued against the reformer Martin Luther . This referred indirectly to the fact that Franz von Sickingen had offered Luther asylum at the Ebernburg when he was on his way to the Diet in Worms (1521) . However, Luther did not accept the offer, but fled, declared outlawed by the Worms Reichstag on May 16, 1521 , under the code name Junker Jörg to the Wartburg . Other reformers, on the other hand, who were also persecuted as followers of Luther or who had lost their jobs, accepted Sickingen's offer. They were:
Johannes Oekolampad stayed at the Ebernburg in the summer of 1522. As the castle chaplain, he reformed the worship service there. In June he began to read the text of the Gospels and Epistles no longer in Latin, but in German at the daily mass. Although he did not miss any of the usual ceremonies, the innovation caused a sensation and the archbishopric in Mainz asked him to comment. Also in June, the Lord's Supper was celebrated in both forms on the Ebernburg. “This made the service on the Ebernburg the first Protestant service.” In November 1522, Oekolampad went to Basel, where he found a new place of work.
In 1842, Ferdinand Freiligrath wrote his Trutzgeicht Ein Denkmal , which conjured up Ulrich von Hutten's knightly image and formulated: "O Germany, your great ones ..."
After Franz von Sickingen's death in the Trier feud that he had started in 1523, the castle was burned down, but rebuilt in 1542. During the Palatinate War of Succession , French troops occupied the castle in the last year of the war in 1697. Imperial soldiers under the command of the Margrave of Baden recaptured the castle on September 27, 1697. Then it was razed again and used as a quarry in the following years ( spolia are in the place below), which in turn was used for work in the area.
In 1838 the castle came into the ownership of the landowner and mayor of Feilbingert , Karl Günther, who had it rebuilt in the old style and built a house, farm buildings and a restaurant. From 1849 it also served as a place for excursions. In 1914, the Günther family sold the castle and its entire inventory to the Ebernburg Foundation , which was established for this purpose and which gave the castle to the Ebernburg Association. V. leased. The purchase was mainly made possible by a donation from the leather manufacturer Kommerzienrat Theodor Wilhelm Simon (1861–1940) from Kirn .
After the Second World War, the castle was expanded in its current form.
investment
Below the castle, the 1889 is designed by the sculptor Karl Cauer from Bad Kreuznach by his sons Robert and Ludwig executed Hutten-Sickingen monument of bronze in the style of historicism . It shows Ulrich von Hutten and Franz von Sickingen .
North view from Rotenfels (2016)
East view from the Rheingrafenstein (2016)
South view (2016)
West view (2007)
The legend of the Ebernburg
According to legend, the castle got its name when it was fought for. The attackers besieged them and wanted to starve the castle residents. When supplies were running out and the penultimate pig was finally slaughtered, the lord of the castle came up with the following idea: every day he had the last remaining boar dragged into the yard and tortured so that it screamed as if it was being slaughtered. When the besiegers heard the noise of the alleged slaughter every day for two weeks, they assumed that the castle still had sufficient supplies. So they left again without conquering the Ebernburg. That is why the castle is called Ebernburg according to legend today.
literature
- Alexander Thon (Ed.): How swallows' nests glued to the rock. Castles in the Northern Palatinate. Schnell and Steiner, Regensburg 2005, pp. 34–39, ISBN 3-7954-1674-4 .
- Otto Böcher: The Ebernburg in Bad Münster am Stein-Ebernburg , Rheinische Kunststätten, issue 299, 2nd revised edition 2007, ISBN 978-3-86526-011-6 (publisher: Rheinischer Verein).
- Otto Böcher: The theologians of Ebernburg: Kaspar Aquila, Martin Bucer, Johannes Oekolampad and Johannes Schwebel. In: Blätter für Pfälzische Kirchengeschichte , Volume 66/67, 2000, pp. 403–423.
- Hans-Joachim Bechtold: Bad Kreuznach's new, old castle: Ulrich von Hutten's hostel of justice . 2017, online (PDF) , accessed August 15, 2019.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ^ Paul Kalkoff: Ulrich von Hutten and the Reformation , Leipzig 1920.
- ^ Heinrich Steitz: Franz von Sickingen and the Reformation Movement . In: Sheets for Palatinate Church History and Religious Folklore (= Ebernburg-Hefte 2), 1969, p. 153.
- ↑ Francis Smith: The Wars from Antiquity to the Present. Berlin u. a. 1911, p. 394.
- ^ Jörg Julius Reisek: The sieges of the Ebernburg of 1692 and 1697 , accessed on June 30, 2020
- ^ Heinrich Pröhle : The boar of the Ebernburg , 1886.