Lindelbrunn Castle
| Lindelbrunn Castle | ||
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 Lindelbrunn Castle |
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| Alternative name (s): | Lindelbol, Lindelbronn, Lindelborn | |
| Creation time : | around 1150 | |
| Castle type : | Hilltop castle, rocky location | |
| Conservation status: | ruin | |
| Standing position : | Ministeriale | |
| Construction: | Humpback cuboid | |
| Place: | Vorderweidenthal | |
| Geographical location | 49 ° 8 '41.9 " N , 7 ° 53' 47.3" E | |
| Height: | 437.6 m above sea level NHN | |
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The Lindelbrunn Castle (also Lindelbol , Lindelbronn or Lindelborn is called), the medieval ruin of a rock castle near Vorderweidenthal in the Rhineland-Palatinate district Southern Wine Route .
It is believed that the castle name can be traced back to the castle well with a large, blooming linden tree.
Geographical location
The Lindelbrunn castle ruins are located about 2.3 km northeast of Vorderweidenthal, to whose municipal area they belong, and 1.7 km (as the crow flies ) south-southeast of Darstein . It is located at 437.6 m above sea level. NHN high cone of the Schloßberg . At its foot there is a forester's house and an excursion restaurant named after Heinrich Cramer , the highest Palatinate forest official , the Cramerhaus , which was built by the Palatinate Forest Association .
history
Lindelbrunn Castle was probably founded in the middle of the 12th century as an imperial castle to defend the Trifels ; maybe it came from the property of the Speyer Reichskirche before. In 1268 the Ministeriale Dieter von Lindelbol is mentioned for the first time, who was a descendant of the Reichstruchsess Markward von Annweiler (around 1140–1202). It can therefore be assumed that he carried out the main expansion of the castle around 1190/1200 with the hall construction of the palace and the free-standing chapel. Real hall buildings and free-standing chapels were then limited to comparatively high-ranking builders, not even every count could show something of this kind around 1200.
In 1274 the castle of King Rudolf von Habsburg became the property of Count Emich IV and Friedrich III. handed over from Leiningen. In the course of time, Lindelbrunn became a Ganerbeburg . By pledging parts of the castle, the number of co-owners grew so strongly that disputes arose. In 1381 the Nikolaus chapel is mentioned for the first time in a document. In 1441 the troops of the Palatinate Elector and the Speyer bishop Reinhard von Helmstatt besieged the castle for seven weeks until a peaceful settlement was reached.
Shortly after Easter 1450, because of a feud and the capture of Hans von Helmstadt, the troops of the city of Landau and the diocese of Speyer moved to the castle. After four days of unsuccessful siege, Helmstadt was ransomed. In June of the same year, Count Emich VI besieged . von Leinigen-Hardenburg with his son and Friedrich von Zweibrücken-Bitsch took the castle, took it and ended the disputes.
During the Peasants' War of 1525, the castle was burned down by the rebellious farmers of the Kleeburger Kolbenhaufen. It then remained uninhabited and fell into disrepair.
The castle has been owned by the State of Rhineland-Palatinate since 1963 . In the years 1979 to 1981 extensive renovation measures were carried out, during which the remains of the free-standing chapel were uncovered and partially completed.
investment
Because of its location on the steeply sloping on all sides sandstone rock needed the system neither neck ditches still a kennel . Following the course of the terrain, the outer walls of the mostly representative buildings also formed the castle wall.
Nothing is visible from the outer gate system. The preserved inner gate is in the northeast of the complex. An older castle entrance can be seen to the south of it as a shaft driven through the rock. The foundations of the former Nikolaus chapel (around 1190/1200) were restored there .
The most important visible building remains are the preserved parts of the palace (around 1190/1200) in the southwest of the complex. Three niches with coupled windows and a not exactly reconstructed chimney have been preserved on the outer wall made of humpback ashlars on the valley side . The interior probably consisted of a larger hall.
Although further outer walls and thus the remains of residential buildings have been partially reconstructed, a clear picture of the castle complex can not yet be obtained. At the highest point of the castle in the northeast one could keep have been, but was not exposed. The development of an overhanging rock outcrop in the southwest and a fountain that was discovered south of the outer wall of the palace and thus outside the wall ring are unclear . Another well was in the south of the castle near the chapel.
Access and viewing opportunities
From the forester's lodge Lindelbrunn it is a 15 to 20 minute walk to the castle ruins. In good weather there is a far-reaching 360-degree panoramic view from there - including the Trifels Castle .
Panoramic photo of the ruin and the surrounding area
Say
How the castle got its name
When the knight ruling the castle summoned a convoy in the castle courtyard to announce the name of the newly built castle, suddenly an old gray woman was standing in the middle of the servants. While the knight and his entourage were amazed, she planted a linden branch at the well. She told the knight that as long as the linden tree bloomed, his family would bloom too, which is why the tree must not wither. From now on the castle should be called Lindelbrunn . Then she disappeared. The linden tree flourished and so did the clan of the knight, who was popular all over the country. But one day Rothkopf, the knight's brother who had been cast out, met the old gray woman in the forest. She wanted to reconcile the brothers and led him to the castle. The knight on Lindelbrunn, however, did not want to see his brother and the old gray woman in his castle and threatened them to leave or to be hanged on the linden tree. Thereupon the old gray woman got up and thrust a bump into the linden tree. With a rustling in the leaves the linden tree fell into the well, the old woman broke off a small branch for herself before the linden tree disappeared. She then left the castle with Rothkopf. At the foot of the mountain she planted the branch and told the Rothkopf that he should build a new castle at this point with the stones of the castle, whereupon it disappeared. The Rothkopf saw how the castle above broke apart in a violent storm and the stones rolled towards him into the valley. Rothkopf hurried back to the mountain to save his brother, but he found only the ruins and no survivors. Back in the valley he began to build a house with the stones of the castle, just as the old gray woman had told him. You can still find the ruins on top of the castle and the forester's house at the foot of the mountain.
How the castle was destroyed in the Peasants' War
When the peasants failed to burn down the castle in a few attempts, as the castle was well defended by the knights and the servants, the peasants gave up because of the heavy losses and left. The knights at the castle celebrated their victory exuberantly when a commoner stood in front of the gate to report on the task of the peasants. They let him in and a meal was put before him. He praised the lord of the castle and how lucky he was. Considering him safe, the commoners were allowed to spend the night in the castle. But when almost the whole castle went to rest drunk from the celebration, the commoner took the chance. He lowered the drawbridge and the peasants waiting outside the castle stormed in. He caused a bloodbath, stole what he could and burned the castle down.
The punk from Rohrbach
The squire punk from Rohrbach once served the knight in the castle and rendered him good service. So one day he asked his master to make him a junker . When the knight refused to do this, he left the castle and joined the army of Count Palatine Ludwig III. one who was called the bearded. He was welcomed, as his archery skills were well known. Punker reported to the Count Palatine of some of the knight's raids on the Lindelbrunn, whereupon the Count Palatine sent troops to the castle. But the castle was well defended and the battle halted. Then Punker climbed a nearby rock that was higher than the castle. From there he managed to shoot the robber baron von Lindenbrunn an arrow in the heart. Punker continued shooting, hitting all of the castle's defenders. The troops of the Count Palatine were able to smash the gate, but in the castle all opponents were already dead or were dying, hit by Punker's arrows. The Count Palatine could not believe what he was seeing, suspected Punker's lust for Rachel and had him locked up in the tower for life. Punker died within the damp walls, and his lament is still sung by thrushes on Lindelbrunn today.
According to another legend, Punker looked scary to the Count Palatine, which is why he wanted to test his accuracy. To do this, Punker was supposed to shoot down a coin lying on the head of his own boy without injuring the boy. Punker refused out of fear that the devil would direct his safe hand and that his son would die. But the Count Palatine demanded the examination under threat of death. Punker shot the coin from his son's head without even touching it, and while the first arrow was still flying, he immediately added a second arrow. The Count Palatine was satisfied, but asked Punker what the second arrow was for. He said that in the event of his son's death, it was intended for him, the Count Palatine.
novel
The priest and local writer Nikolaus Lauer wrote the novel Lindelbrunn around 1950 . In the stations of the first-person narrator (gallows priest in Landau , castle chaplain at Lindelbrunn Palace, hospital priest in Speyer , pastor in Eschbach ) the author brings the time of the peasant uprising to life - in the field of tension between justice and mercy .
literature
- Magnus Backes, Heinz Straeter: State castles, palaces and antiquities in Rhineland-Palatinate . Schnell & Steiner, Regensburg 2003, ISBN 3-7954-1566-7 .
- Marco Bollheimer: Rock castles in the Wasgau – Northern Vosges castle paradise . 3. Edition. Self-published, Karlsruhe 2011, ISBN 978-3-9814506-0-6 , p. 78 f .
- Viktor Carl: Palatinate sagas and legends . Ardwig Henning, Edenkoben 2000, ISBN 3-9804668-3-3 .
- Arndt Hartung, Walter Hartung: Palatinate Castle Brevier: Postgraduate Studies . 6th edition. Palatinate Publishing House , Ludwigshafen 1985, ISBN 3-9801043-0-3 .
- Walter Herrmann: On red rock. A guide to the most beautiful castles in the Palatinate and Alsatian Wasgau . DRW-Verlag, Leinfelden-Echterdingen 2004, ISBN 3-7650-8286-4 , pp. 120-121.
- Jürgen Keddigkeit (ed.), Ulrich Burkhart, Rolf Übel : Palatinate Castle Lexicon, Volume 3: IN . Institute for Palatinate History and Folklore, Kaiserslautern 2005, ISBN 3-927754-51-4 , pp. 430–448.
- Elena Rey: Castle Guide Palatinate . Superior, Kaiserslautern 2003, ISBN 3-936216-15-0 .
- Meinrad Schaab: The ministry of the churches, the count palatine, the empire and the nobility on the lower Neckar and in Kraichgau - Hans Jänichen on his 65th birthday . In: Friedrich Ludwig Wagner (Ed.): Ministeriality in the Palatinate Area - Papers and discussions at the workshop from October 12 to 14, 1972 in Kaiserslautern . Speyer 1975, pp. 13-114. (There the assumption that the representative components such as the Palas and the free-standing chapel could have been built in the 1190s under Markward von Annweiler as the owner, roughly parallel to the chapel tower on the Trifels).
- Alexander Schöppner: Book of legends of the Bavarian country . 1852. In: Henri Frank: Palatinate legends . Speyer 1990, ISBN 3-921797-26-8 , p. 82.
- Günter Stein : Castles and palaces in the Palatinate . Weidlich, Frankfurt / Main 1976, ISBN 3-8035-8356-X .
- Alexander Thon (Ed.): ... like a banished, inaccessible magic castle - castles in the southern Palatinate . 2nd Edition. Schnell + Steiner, Regensburg 2005, ISBN 3-7954-1570-5 , pp. 90–95.
Web links
- Entry on Lindelbrunn Castle in the scientific database " EBIDAT " of the European Castle Institute
- Pictures of Lindelbrunn Castle , on burgenparadies.de
Individual evidence
- ↑ State Office for Surveying and Geographic Base Information Rhineland-Palatinate (Ed.): Topographic map 1: 25,000 with hiking trails, Eastern Wasgau with Bad Bergzabern . Self-published by the State Office for Surveying and Geospatial Information Rhineland-Palatinate, Koblenz 2010.
- ↑ Alexander Thon: ... like a banned, inaccessible magic castle - Burgen in der Südpfalz (2005), p. 95 (see literature )
- ↑ Viktor Carl: Das Lindenmütterlein from Palatinate legends and legends (2000), pp. 291–293 (see literature )
- ↑ Viktor Carl: Lindelbronn and Peasant List from Palatinate Legends and Legends (2000), pp. 293–296 (see literature )
- ↑ Alexander Schöppner: How the peasants took Lindelbronn Castle , from Sagenbuch der Bavarian Lande , 1852, in Henri Frank: Pfälzische Sagen (1990), p. 82 (see literature )
- ↑ Viktor Carl: Der Zauberschützen from Palatinate sagas and legends (2000), pp. 296–298 (see literature )
- ↑ Alexander Schöppner: The Palatinate Tell from Sagenbuch der Bavarian Lande , 1852, in Henri Frank: Pfälzische Sagen (1990), p. 85 (see literature )