Nienborg Castle
| Nienborg Castle | ||
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.jpg) High house at Nienborg Castle |
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| Alternative name (s): | Nygenborch Castle, Nyenborch Castle | |
| Creation time : | End of the 12th century | |
| Castle type : | Location | |
| Conservation status: | partially preserved | |
| Standing position : | episcopal ministerial | |
| Place: | Nienborg | |
| Geographical location | 52 ° 7 '56.5 " N , 7 ° 6' 4.3" E | |
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The remains of Nienborg Castle , formerly also called Nygenborch or Nyenborch , are located in the village of Nienborg , a district of the municipality of Heek in the Münsterland . Built at the end of the 12th century by Hermann II von Katzenelnbogen , Prince-Bishop of Münster , it was intended to secure the trade route between Münster and Deventer . Only the gatehouse and remnants of the Romanesque castle are preserved from the former prince-bishop's provincial castle Nienborg, whose name means New CastleRing wall and three Burgmannen houses , High House , Long House and Keppelborg .
description
There are no pictorial representations of the castle , but due to the location and the written records, one can get an approximate picture of it. She lay on a sandy hill in a bend in the river Dinkel . On the other side of the river was a moor and swamp area that could be flooded in the event of an attack.
The complex was built as a ring castle with a ring wall up to ten meters high. The Burgmannenhouses , of which there were about 30, stood on it within the area and served as residential buildings for the members of the crew and their families. The foundation walls of the so-called high house , for example, were up to three meters thick. The wall itself could then be entered directly through a door on the upper floor of these houses.
The castle consisted of two parts, an upper and a lower castle. It extended over an area of about 2500 m². The upper complex is mentioned in a document in 1311 and was probably the main castle . The oval lower castle was connected to this by a fortification . This was also the only entrance to the facility. In addition to the castle gate, as it can still be seen today, left and right stood a tall tower ever, the right of which was associated with the castle houses and a castle keep was called.
A wide moat dug out of the swamp ran around the upper and lower castle, which was fed by a stream and which was up to 15 meters wide. The height of the water level could also be regulated by a mill. The castle was also protected by a wall on three sides. The castle was left via an additional drawbridge to another upstream building. The access was therefore a heavily fortified double gate system flanked by towers, of which the preserved gatehouse is a remnant.
history
According to Heinrich von Hövel's chronicle, the castle was founded in 1198 by Prince-Bishop Hermann II von Katzenelnbogen and first mentioned in a document in 1203. From 1256 it was also called Nyenborch . Due to its location, it quickly developed into one of the most powerful episcopal castles. Since it was founded, it has been responsible for protecting and securing the trade routes from Munster to Deventer and probably represented a conscious demonstration of power against the neighboring dynasties Steinfurt , Ahaus , Horstmar and Loen. The Burgmann College originally consisted of episcopal ministerials and service men . These were given extensive privileges, including jurisdiction over their own servants and, in the 14th century, also over the city of Nienborg, which was founded by the Burgmanns.
Shortly after completion of the castle, it was called Novo Castro , from 1200 onwards in Low German tradition as "in or on the new castle" ("up der nien borch") or simply Nienborch . The Burgmannen not only had their own seal, but also their own form of oath for acceptance into the Burgmann College. This read:
“We all praise and screw the lap of Newenborgh borrowers, so that we owe and fetch the above-mentioned castle sake, handle, protect, shame and forbid the best of our ability to promote and to do the worst So that God help us and be a holy gospel. "
The castle was destroyed in the Spanish-Dutch War in 1593 but rebuilt around 1600 before it fell into disrepair in the 17th century. Since the 15th century, the castle lost its strategic importance as a safeguard of the trade route. In 1765 it was decreed that all dilapidated parts of the castle should be laid down for security reasons; The Corpus Burgmannorum was not officially dissolved until 1812 .
At the beginning of the 18th century the castle belonged to Gut Haus Bevern and came to Hülshoff through Amalie von Reeden, widowed baroness von Büren-Schenckinck to Heinrich Wilhelm Droste . It served him and other members of his family as a neighboring residence and for the revolt , most recently of General Heinrich-Johann von Droste zu Hülshoff .
The high house , which stands on the defensive wall of the castle, dates back to the 14th century; it was probably built in 1345 by Heidenreich von Sasse. It is called the “only stone house” in Nienborg. The attic with the two three-tiered brick gables, which enclose a gable roof, is likely to date from around 1600. In the 15th century, the house passed from the von Sasse family to Valcke's son-in-law, then to the von Münster family, and then to the von Raesfeld family. In a fire caused by war events on February 14, 1593, Nienborg was completely destroyed, and the high house probably also burned down. By the owners at the time, the Torck family, the high house was rebuilt in its current form around 1600. In 1800 the building is owned by hereditary baron Droste zu Vischering, who sold it with the Bauhaus and garden in 1813 to the cloth makers Johan Bernd Schwietering and Bernard Johan Fransbach from Nienborg. The district administrator of the Ahaus district, Theodor von Heyden , bought the house in 1834 and set up his district office here. After his death in 1858 his daughter Virginia inherited it, after her death in 1905 her brother-in-law Ludwig von Bönninghausen inherited it . The family lived here until they moved to Haus Herinckhave near Tubbergen in Holland in 1916. At the beginning of World War II, the house became the Hitler Youth Home. In 1941 the first Nienborger kindergarten was opened in the high house. After the Second World War, the Nienborg police station was located here; At the same time displaced persons from East Germany lived in the building. Renovation work was carried out from 1957 to 1966; then the house remained uninhabited until Lodewyk von Bönnighausen (1909–2005) moved in. Today the house is owned by a Dutch family foundation called von Bönninghausen and is partly used as a café. The community plans to build apartments between the high house and the main street.
The Keppelborg dates from the 15th or 16th century. The owners were the von Sasse and von Münster families, from 1560 by marriage to von Keppel and from 1729 by inheritance to von Heyden , from whom it was inherited by the current owners of the farm, who run a guest house here after extensive renovation work. The house has never been sold for 700 years, it has always been inherited.
The long house has a coat of arms of the von Raesfeld family from 1554. Alterations took place in the 18th and 19th centuries. The western stepped gable was reconstructed in 1966. After it was used by the community and had been vacant for a long time, the building was renovated and has housed the North Rhine-Westphalia State Music Academy since 1989 .
photos
Gatehouse
High house
Long house
Keppelborg
literature
- Lutz Dursthoff among others: The German castles and palaces in color . Krüger, Frankfurt am Main 1987, ISBN 3-8105-0228-6 , pp. 667-668.
Web links
- Castle model of the Prince-Bishop's State Castle in Nienborg around 1360. Nienborg homeland association
- Photo of the Long House on Flickr
References and comments
- ↑ a b c Entry on Nienborg (Long House, High House) in the private database "All Castles".
- ^ Haus Hugenroth and Family Hugenroth ( Memento from April 26, 2011 in the Internet Archive ). Homeland Association Nienborg.
- ^ Westphalian document book . Volume 7, p. 645, called Upper Castle since 1374.
- ^ Archive Haus Diepenbrock, Certificate 297.
- ^ House Egelborg, estate management after 1820, W163 / D1.
- ↑ Inventories of the non-governmental archives in Westphalia, Coesfeld district , p. 86.
- ^ Archives Heek, files B 155.
- ↑ Josef Wermert (ed.): Heek and Nienborg . Municipality of Heek [u. a.], Heek 2008, ISBN 3-00-002722-X .
- ↑ Timothy Sodmann: In: Heek and Nienborg , p. 830.
- ↑ Josef Wermert (Ed.): Heek and Nienborg , p. 280.
- ^ Archive Haus Diepenbrock, document addenda 241.
- ^ Johann Holsenbürger: The gentlemen v. Eckenbrock (by Droste-Hülshoff) and their possessions. 2 volumes, Regensberg, Münster iW 1868/1869 digitized, p. 209
- ↑ Regional Association of Westphalia-Lippte: Portrait of a German Order of knight in knighthood uniform, probably Johann Heinrich von Droste-Hulshoff. www.lwl.org/AISS/Details/collect/7953
- ^ Website Heimatverein Nienborg
- ↑ site Keppelborg