Schiltau Castle
| Schiltau Castle | ||
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 Location of the former Schiltau Castle |
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| Alternative name (s): | Schiltow, Schiltowe | |
| Creation time : | around 1200 | |
| Castle type : | Höhenburg, location | |
| Conservation status: | Remnants of the wall | |
| Standing position : | Nobles, Ministerials | |
| Place: | Sigmaringen-Jungnau | |
| Geographical location | 48 ° 8 '21.3 " N , 9 ° 12' 36.9" E | |
| Height: | 610 m above sea level NN | |
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The castle Schiltau even Schiltow or Schiltowe called, is the ruins of a hilltop castle on a rocky hill at about 610 meters above sea level in the Schiltach street in Jungnau , a district of Sigmaringen in Sigmaringen County in Baden-Wuerttemberg .
From the former castle complex with dimensions of 55 by 30 meters, only remnants of the western enclosure wall built into modern buildings are preserved.
The local castle, built before 1200 by the Lords of Schiltau (Schiltowe), a ministerial family that also served the Counts of Veringen at times, was mentioned several times around 1200.
Decline of the castle
Count Heinrich von Veringen, a peaceful, elderly gentleman, had no son. However, the son of his deceased brother, Heinrich the Younger of Neu-Veringen , was a wild, feisty warrior. Rudolf von Habsburg , who was elected German king in 1273 , now claimed several possessions from the Counts of Veringen. As the alleged heir of the old county of Veringen, Heinrich the Younger from (New) Veringen vehemently resisted any diminution of his inheritance and did not want to give anything back to the king and recognize nothing but imperial fief. When the older Heinrich died in 1283 and a short time later the younger came back from a trip to take over the expected inheritance, a royal official present as castle guardian at the old Veringen Castle informed him that the king had acquired the allodial property of the deceased and his rights also wish to buy.
This unexpected news brought the (new) Veringer in armor. More than the loss of the hoped-for rich inheritance, he was angry about this request and even more about the fact that he should now largely jointly own the few, scattered estates and jurisdictions that fell to him in and around Veringen with the sons of the king. Brooding revenge, he left again.
In the most hostile mood towards the king and his family, he tried to counteract this from now on in every way possible. With his destroyed hereditary hopes, he did nothing to damage the hated royal family. After many unsuccessful attempts, he finally turned against the residents of Veringen and Deutstetten . He acted as their overlord and demanded taxes, gilts and various kinds of charges from them. When these were refused, he proceeded to seize, or rather to embezzle. He and his journeymen lay in wait for the people, harmed them wherever they could, took away cattle and other movable goods and dragged gentlemen (including the church lord of Deutstetten, who did not recognize him as patron) to prison to extort ransom.
The beleaguered Veringer appealed to the king, who immediately promised them his protection and protection and then pardoned them in 1285 with all kinds of liberties, including the right to the weekday market. This increased the anger and defiance of the haughty Count Heinrich von Neu-Veringen even more, and in order to show that he asked nothing about the king and that without his approval and conferment, he owned and used the sovereign rights over the county of Veringen that were withheld from him, he called himself in open documents "by the grace of God, Count von Veringen" and denied the king's generally recognized rights. At the same time, he entered into a league with 15 like-minded Swabian counts (including Württemberg , Montfort , Helfenstein , Grüningen-Landau , Zollern, etc.) with the intention of deposed and expelled the king, or at least to make him submissive. Then his count's disgrace turned against the Veringer, Deuttstetter and others, whom he repeatedly plagued with robbery, murder and fire that they had never heard of such gruesome devastation.
In response to repeated complaints from the citizens of Veringen und Mengen (who were also haunted by him) the king brought this matter to the imperial assembly in Augsburg and Ulm in February 1286. Here was the unjust imperial ban and imposed But eight and it was ordered that they and their helpers are to be broken as disturbers of the peace and robber barons their castles. Now the allied counts were armed and assembled with their armed forces near Stuttgart. At the same time, other supporters of the king moved into the counties from Ulm, whose teams were with the counts gathered in Stuttgart. The faithful to the king moved to the area of the Counts of Grüningen and Veringen, leaving behind devastation and fire. The castles Neuveringen and Grüningen were looted and broken and the area around Riedlingen devastated and burned. Moving further up the Danube , it was the turn of the Montfortic possessions of Scheer and Sigmaringen. Scheer also succumbed while Sigmaringen was defended by its citizens and thus escaped destruction.
The procession now turned into the Lauchert valley , where the many other possessions of Count Heinrich von Veringen and his followers were to be visited. Once there, the first visit was to Burg Hertenstein Castle , which stood on the highest rock protruding into the valley at the east bend of the Lauchert. But since this could not be conquered, the mercenaries who moved on let their displeasure in the village of Sindelfingen, located on a slope on the west side of the Jungnauer Ried, then went to the opposite hamlet of Engkofen and set Isikofen Castle on fire on the mountain promontory above it as they did afterwards with Schiltau Castle, which stood on the Schiltachfelsen in Jungnau, and the small Affelstetten Castle below Veringendorf .
On December 6, 1313, Berthold the Schiltower, the " Schiltauer Fronhof " in Inneringen and on June 20, 1316 other goods in Inneringen are documented.
On July 20, 1316, Berthold der Schiltower sold the castle and its possessions to the knight Burkhard von Jungingen , who had built Jungnau Castle around 1333 in the immediate vicinity .
On April 7, 1364 Hans v. Weggenstein zu Schiltau documented as a sealer .
In 1367 Ursula von Jungingen sold the castle to the brothers Eberhard and Johannes von Reischach .
In 1423 the castle was mentioned for the first time as a castle stables and for the last time in 1344 as a "fortress".
literature
- Max Miller (ed.): Handbook of the historical sites of Germany . Volume 6: Baden-Württemberg (= Kröner's pocket edition . Volume 276). Kröner, Stuttgart 1965, DNB 456882928 .
- Günter Schmitt : Jungnau and Schiltau . In: Ders .: Burgenführer Schwäbische Alb. Volume 3. Danube Valley. Hiking and discovering between Sigmaringen and Tuttlingen. Biberacher Verlagsdruckerei, Biberach an der Riß 1990, ISBN 3-924489-50-5 , pp. 33-42
Web links
- Entry on Schiltau Castle in the private database "Alle Burgen".
- Reconstruction drawing in the medieval state by Wolfgang Braun