Deutstetten
Maria Deutstetten describes a Roman Catholic pilgrimage church in Veringenstadt in the Sigmaringen district in Baden-Württemberg . The baroque church building was erected in place of an older predecessor and consecrated in 1753.
Surname
The name Deutstetten is derived from the Old High German word Diet (= people), which in Germanic times referred to the court. In addition to the name Deutstetten, other names have also been used over the centuries: e.g. B. Titstetten, Tittstetten, Tutstetten, Tylstetten, Dylstetten, Digtstetten, Dillstetten and Dulstetten.
Deutstetten describes a very old settlement area in the city of Veringenstadt, which has been inhabited for around 4000 years and is therefore older than the actual city. In the Middle Ages, the name also referred to the pilgrimage church of Maria Deutstetten , which is located in this settlement area. The plague left all residents in Deutstetten to die (“Lament over Lament - 70 in a grave”) and left the church orphaned. Now the old church was to be demolished at the beginning of the 15th century. During a devastating flood on February 24, 1417 (1429), the city was not only spared from severe damage, but according to tradition, a wooden sculpture was also washed ashore, the origin of which is still unclear today. This Pietà has been venerated for 600 years and numerous votive tablets tell of miraculous healings. Since the founding of the city of Veringen, Deutstetten has also referred to its cemetery. In 1974 a newly built kindergarten near the pilgrimage church was also named Deutstetten.
history
In the vicinity of the Deutstetten pilgrimage church, an early Bronze Age stool grave with bronze decorations from around 1800 BC was excavated on April 21, 1951 . Exposed. The grave bordered with stones was 150 cm long and 50 cm wide. In the stool grave lay the bones of a woman with knees drawn up, her head to the west, her hands on her face in the posture of a sleeper. Two bronze spirals and a row of conical bronze cups the size of a thimble, which were perforated at the top and were probably worn as hair ornaments, were found as grave goods. A new, comprehensive peoples shift around 1200 BC Chr. Brings a fundamental upheaval of all cultural conditions in Central Europe and the Mediterranean area. Peoples from southeastern Europe brought with them the cremation. The ashes of the dead were buried with the bronze gifts in large urns in cemeteries without burial mounds ( urn field culture ). There is a particularly large urn field cemetery in Deutstetten.
The early medieval missionary work in the area took place after 610 by the Irish wandering monk and missionary Gallus († October 16, 640). (See Gallus spring in nearby Hermentingen).
Deutstetten is mentioned as a parish in 1241 and 1253. The church is dedicated to St. Erhard and St. Dedicated to Walpurga. People's priest is Heinrich von Titstetten (Deutstetten). With the extinction of the Hohenstaufen before 1251 came a hard and peaceful time. The little war broke out everywhere - the feud. Murder was committed in the open road, hikers passing by were robbed, flourishing villages, hamlets and farms were cremated and destroyed. If a noble gentleman insulted one of his neighbors, the latter would destroy all their belongings and property for the serfs , interest and tithe people of his offender.
The city of Veringen was founded to protect the residents . A separate parish could not be founded in the new city at first. (It was not until 1821 that the church in Veringenstadt was elevated to a parish church). The “Burgpfaffe” was there for the count's servants. The newly arrived residents enjoyed their former parish rights partly to Deutstetten, partly to Veringendorf, which is why part of the upper town up to the market fountain and the suburb "Gassen" out to Deutstetten, and the Höllgaß and lower town down to Veringendorf belonged in the parishes. From now on, the parishioners of Deutstetten live mostly in the town of Veringen, instead of scattered in different farms, and only a few tenants and feudal people remain on their spared farms in Deutstetten.
In February 1291, Count Heinrich von Veringen bowed to King Rudolf I to ask for his grace and mercy. He renounced all sovereignty and other rights to the county of Veringen and left them to the sons of the king, in their favor he also renounced all rights to Altveringen Castle and the properties belonging to it in Veringen, Deutstetten, etc. As the Deutstetter church set 1292 in When the Lords of Regoczwiller come into possession, most of the parishioners of this church probably already live in Veringenstadt. The village of Deutstetten only has five larger farmers and perhaps as many small- scale traders .
When Veringen became Austrian possession around 1300, the hamlet of Titstetten consisted of 4 fiefdoms: Stramers Gut, Jägers Lehen, Fridingers Gut and Nagelins Hof. In addition, the Sennehof as a Widdemgut. King Albrecht of Austria bequeathed the bailiwick rights over Deutstetten as a morning gift to the wife of his first-born son Rudolf, the Blanka, a sister of the French King Philip IV . Count Wolfradt von Veringen came into the possession of the bailiwick of the church in Titstetten (Deutstetten) in 1315. In 1336 the Lord of Deutstetten was also Lord of St. Peter at Veringen Castle . Count Heinrich von Veringen sold Deutstetten to Count Eberhard von Württemberg in 1344 .
In the course of the Great Plague in 1347/49 and 1371/72 Deutstetten largely died out. The mill and the hamlet perished; only the cemetery remained. A memorial stone is said to have stood near the current cemetery, which is now walled into the lower corner of the current parish church. He had carried the inscription: "Lament over Lament, seventy in one grave". In the plague year of 1349, 70 people are said to have died in one night.
In the years 1348, 1356, and 1374 Ulrich von Regnoczwiller was lord of the church in Deutstetten. Count Eberhard III. von Württemberg transferred his rights to Deutstetten in 1399 as an after pledge to Count Eberhard von Werdenberg . His descendants have these rights until their family died out with Count Christoph in 1534.
The Deutstetter church was to be desecrated and sold in 1417/1429. On the night of Wednesday, February 24th, the city of Veringen was surprised by a large flood. The magistrate vowed never to touch the Deutstetter church again. The miraculous image of the Sorrowful Mother is washed ashore on a thick board (a "dille") and remains hanging on the lower churchyard wall. Research into its origin showed that no one made any claim to the Pietà . The origin of the figure is still unclear today. The town of Veringen has been subordinate to the parish church in Veringendorf since time immemorial, the rector of which had to approve chaplain foundations in the town's Nikolauskapelle since 1360. On the other hand, the parish of Deutstetten owned the municipal tithe. In 1535, the counts (later princely) House of Hohenzollern Deutstetten received a man's fief from Austria. Junker Hans von Rechberg zu Schramberg was tithe lord of Dillstetten in 1541.
On July 20, 1543, Georg von Rechberg and Master Michael Möchel, pastor of Veringendorf, signed a contract for the minor tithe of the parish of Dillstetten. The pastor of Veringendorf received all small tithes. With this the parish of Deutstetten practically ceased to exist.
After the Thirty Years' War , a rough estimate of the necessary construction work on the church in Dillstetten is handed down from 1660: Lift off the roof and replace it, repair and bribe the front gable, the church wall 108 shoe long and 10 shoe, i.e. H. 16 fathoms to be walled up, on both sides of the ossuary what on the surrounding wall break off lazily and negligently to 60 shoes and re-wall 10 shoes high from the foundation = 10 fathoms. Cover the rest of the wall again, cut down the bushes and trees, etc. The construction obligation was incumbent on the tithe Lord Meinrad I. von Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen. Pastor Franz Dangel in Veringendorf received permission in 1724 to rebuild the choir of the Dillstetten church.
The old church was demolished in 1751. On May 4, 1751, the foundation stone for the new Maria-Deutstetten building was laid by Pastor Franz Wilhelm Haas right next to the entrance. The construction was supported almost exclusively by donations. Many old votive tablets were lost in the new building. On May 2, 1753, the new church was blessed. On May 8th, the miraculous image was transferred from the St. Nicholas' Altar to “Dillstetten”. 6000 people came together. They came mainly from Inneringen, Hettingen, Harthausen, Benzingen, Jungnau, Veringendorf, Egelfingen and Hochberg.
On August 5, 1763, the church was consecrated by Auxiliary Bishop Count Fugger von Konstanz on behalf of the Bishop and Cardinal von Rot von Konstanz. The old church patronage “St. Erhard and Walpurgis ”was changed to“ Our Lady of Sorrows ”.
At the beginning of the 19th century , Deutstetten was the most visited pilgrimage church in Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen and Hohenzollern-Hechingen . Deutstetten was to be merged with the St. Nicholas Chapel into a parish and elevated to the parish church of the whole of Veringenstadt , according to a notification from the Sigmaringen Oberamt on April 26, 1811 due to insufficient foundation assets. However, this plan, in which the St. Nicholas Church was to be demolished, was not implemented.
From 1800 many votive tablets were donated again. The organ builder Schefold (1796–1868) from Biberach built a new organ in 1847. Between 1848 and 1849, building separations were carried out on the pilgrimage church in Deutstetten. The Deutstetter bridge was renewed in 1876 and Deutstetten renovated.
In 1941 the Lauchert was relocated at the foot of Deutstetten and the Deutstetter bridge was demolished after it had lost its function. (It was about 50 m south of the current level crossing). In 1948, Deutstetten was repopulated after 500 years with a new building area. The pilgrimage church was renovated in 1952. In 1989, the rotten bell tower was replaced and the roof was re-covered. The Stehle company from Haigerloch-Bittelbronn built a new organ in 1994.
The miraculous image and its legend
Tradition tells that in 1417 a severe winter covered the whole area with a thick blanket of snow. One day a thaw occurred with heavy rain and the entire snow mass melted within a few hours. Wild, cloudy, foaming floods inundated all the lowlands and valleys in an incredibly short time.
The city magistrate had just gathered at the town hall to discuss the demolition of the Deutstetter church. Then the old councilman stepped into the hall in a hurry and announced to the assembly that a "pour and big water" was on the way and the market was already under water. The councilors were of the opinion that this would not be so bad and resumed the negotiation.
The council servant had to wade to his knees in the icy snow water to reach the city gates. He could barely get through the crowd of domestic animals, which were hurriedly driven up to the top of the Schlossberg. The flood had already penetrated the lower floors, the stables and barns of the low-lying houses. The screams of fear from the people and animals who worked their way through the rising water, now penetrated the council chamber. The mayor had to break off the meeting and the councilors wanted to go home quickly to see if everything was going well.
But the town hall stairs were now a quarter in the water. Some ventured into the water that in places reached their chests and they only reached their houses at risk of death. The rest of them went back into the hall. Suddenly there was a thud. The city gates shattered under the pressure of the water and a beam hit the town hall with the force of the water. The old rotten town hall received such a tremendous shock that it shook in its foundations and was shaken to the top. The councilors believed that in a few moments they would find a gruesome grave under the rubble of the collapsing building in the water. In their need they solemnly vowed to preserve the Deutstetter Church and never to touch it again.
Now it got quieter outside, the wind died down, the rain stopped and a short time later the narrow crescent moon appeared between the clouds. The water began to fall and in a few hours ran as fast as it came. Already in the morning it was possible to “walk through the market with your feet up”. One had neither the life of a human nor an animal, nor any other major misfortune to complain about.
When the councilors came to Deutstetten, to their greatest astonishment they saw a carved picture of the painful Mother of God next to the lower churchyard wall, which "gleamed in lovely colors in the rays of the rising morning sun".
The picture was placed on the high altar where it was supposed to remain until it is discovered where the picture came from. Despite careful research, however, the origin of the picture has not yet been clarified.
architecture
The white plastered, almost east- facing hall church is built on the eastern edge of the residential area on a hillside. It stands in the northwest corner of a walled cemetery. The nave is a steep gable roof completed and exposed on the long sides by three high, narrow arched window. In the west, a low extension serves as the entrance area. The curved central section of the roof is highlighted by a central risalit in which a window with an arched arch is embedded.
The recessed 5/8 choir has a small high-seated round window on the east side, which is flanked by two high round arched windows. The roof of the choir reaches the same height as the nave and has a slender roof turret with a curved dome, which is crowned by a gilded tower knob and a wrought iron patriarchal cross. A sacristy is built on the south side of the choir, accessible through a rectangular entrance and with small rectangular windows on two levels.
Equipment of the church
The ceiling imitates a vault with ribs on profiled consoles. A large round arch opens the choir to the nave. A passage in the baluster barriers under the choir arch allows access to the block-shaped cafeteria , which is made of different colored marble.
The baroque interior is mainly from the 17th century. The main altar is on the east wall of the choir, the two side altars in front of the choir arch. The famous Pietà stands in a large arched field of the main altar between twisted columns. The barrel-shaped pulpit is attached to the south arch. The wooden church stalls leave a central aisle free.
Votive tablets
All answers to prayer that have become known were recorded in the Deutstetter Chronik. As thanks for the hearing, the faithful had vowed to donate a votive plaque in the form of a painted thank you. A typical inscription reads: “In praise and honor of the painful mother Maria, Joseph Geiselhart v. Ehstetten had this table ground because of his dangerous zuahl (= accident). 1808 "
organ
The organ from 1994 stands on the gallery on the west side of the church . It was built as Opus 209 by the Stehle company in Haigerloch-Bittelbronn. The instrument with mechanical playing and stop action has eleven registers, which are distributed over two manuals and pedal . The disposition was designed by Konrad Philipp Schuba, Reichenau / Mittelzell island.
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- Pairing : I / P, II / P
Bells
During the Nazi dictatorship, the parish had to deliver its bells to the Reich Office for Metals on September 3, 1942, and they were melted down for armaments purposes. The consecration of the two new bells took place on March 13, 1949 in the parish church of St. Nicholas .
graveyard
Monuments to the victims of wars
The memorials to the victims of wars are explained on a separate page: War memorials in Veringenstadt
Memorial to the fallen German War 1866.
War memorial of the Franco-German War 1870–1871.
Memorial plaque on the occasion of the foundation of the "Warrior's Day" in 1918. Inaugurated on February 18, 1919. Made by the painter Leonhard Steinle (1877–1923) from Sigmaringen.
Memorial stone for the victims of the First World War in 1914.
Memorial stone for the victims of the Second World War in 1945.
Christ on the scourge column, cemetery cross and grave monuments
In the war year 1941, the Archbishop Protonotar, cathedral dean and vicar general Adolf Rösch , an honorary citizen of Veringen, donated the large cemetery cross, who was born in Veringenstadt. In 2017 the cross was renewed by the August Moschkon - Stefan Fink - Foundation and the body was restored.
Tombstone Pastor Andreas Göggel. (* ??; † Feb. 4, 1870)
Gravestone Pastor Mathäus Winter. (* December 1, 1845 in Jungingen; † July 18, 1898 in Veringenstadt)
Grave cross of prehistorian Eduard Peters . (* April 9, 1869 in Halberstadt ; † May 21, 1948 in Veringenstadt), who led the cave excavations in Veringenstadt.
Gravestone Pastor Otto Kohler (born March 31, 1909 in Mülheim an der Ruhr , † October 31, 1984 in Veringenstadt) was a Catholic clergyman and imprisoned in the Dachau concentration camp .
Grab Ida and Stefan Fink (born September 2, 1908 in Veringenstadt; † August 12, 2000 in Veringenstadt) Mayor from 1945 to 1966 and entrepreneur. Bearer of the Federal Cross of Merit on ribbon. Honorary citizen of Veringenstadt.
literature
- Hermann Eh: Chronicle of the city of Veringen. Volume I. (Veringenstadt City Archives). Without a year.
- Thomas Fink: Collection of materials on the history of the city of Veringen. Volume 20: History of Deutstetten. 2014.
- Gustav Hebeisen: How Deutstetten became a place of pilgrimage. In: Hohenzollerische Heimat. 1, 1951, p. 9.
- Johann Adam Kraus: Deutstetten formerly parish. In: Hohenzollerische Heimat. 1961.
- State Archives Sigmaringen, Maren Kuhn-Rehfus: On the history of the parish Veringenstadt. In: Finding aid - inventory deposit 20: Veringenstadt parish archive 1326–1823. Volume I, 1979, pp. I f.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ^ Grimm's dictionary [1] .
- ↑ Hohenzollern homeland. Born 1951, No. 3, p. 48.
- ↑ Hohenzollern homeland. 1973, p. 27 f.
- ↑ Hohenzollern homeland. 1976, p. 38.
- ↑ Württemberg document book. 4, p. 282.
- ↑ a b c Hermann Eh: Chronicle of the city of Veringen. Volume I. (Veringenstadt City Archives). Without a year.
- ^ Digitized version of the Habsburg land register: Badische Landesbibliothek Karlsruhe, Donaueschingen 691 .
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i Sebastian Locher : Regesta on the history of the counts of Veringen. 1872.
- ↑ State Archives Sigmaringen; Maren Kuhn-Rehfus 1979: Finding aid - inventory Deposit 20: Veringenstadt parish archives 1326–1823. Volume I, p. I f: On the history of the parish Veringenstadt.
- ↑ Hohenzollern homeland. 1953. p. 64.
- ↑ State Archives Sigmaringen; Maren Kuhn-Rehfus 1979: Finding aid - inventory Deposit 20: Veringenstadt parish archives 1326–1823. Volume I, p. I f: On the history of the parish Veringenstadt.
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i Thomas Fink: Collection of materials on the history of the city of Veringen. Volume 20: History of Deutstetten. 2014.
- ^ Adolf Rösch: The religious life in Hohenzollern under the influence of Wessenbergianism. 1800 - 1850. A contribution to the history of the religious enlightenment in southern Germany. Cologne 1908. Page 97 f.
- ↑ Sigmaringen State Archives: Ho 86 T 1 No. 632.
- ^ The pilgrimage to Maria Deutstetten near Veringenstadt. C. Tappen printing house, Sigmaringen approx. 1880.
- ↑ organ in Deustetten , accessed on January 25, 2015.
- ^ List of the mayors of Veringenstadt .
- ^ List of the mayors of Veringenstadt .
Coordinates: 48 ° 11 '4.1 " N , 9 ° 12' 48.9" E