Voigtsberg Castle
| Voigtsberg Castle | ||
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 View of the city center (west side) in April 2010 |
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| Alternative name (s): | Voigtsberg Castle | |
| Creation time : | around 1200 | |
| Castle type : | Hilltop castle | |
| Conservation status: | Preserved as a lock | |
| Standing position : | Noble | |
| Place: | Oelsnitz / Vogtl. - Voigtsberg | |
| Geographical location | 50 ° 25 '21.6 " N , 12 ° 11' 1.3" E | |
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The castle Voigtsberg later, Castle Voigtsberg called, is a typical hilltop castle of the Middle Ages , after the destruction during the Thirty Years' War the castle was rebuilt. The weir system is located on the mountain above the Voigtsberg district of the large district town of Oelsnitz / Vogtl. in the Vogtlandkreis in the state of Saxony . It was the seat of the Voigtsberg office until the middle of the 19th century .
Location and building description
The oldest part of the castle is the keep ; originally 30 meters high, today it only towers 22 meters into the sky. The 9.7 m wide tower has 3.3 m thick walls, but is currently not accessible again because of a vertical crack in the structure. In the part of the building that surrounds the keep is the knight and prince's hall, to which the Gothic St. George's Chapel adjoins.
A true-to-original miniature model of the castle can be found in the miniature exhibition area Klein-Vogtland in Adorf / Vogtl.
history
middle Ages
It is believed that the first parts of the castle were built around 1200. The verifiable old part of the castle was built between 1232 and 1249 by the bailiffs von Straßberg and Eberhard de Voitesberk (also Eberhardus de Voitesberg ). In addition to the keep this consisted of a palace (now "Knights' Hall", the oldest part of the main castle ), a comprehensive defense wall and a ditch to secure the plant. Vogt Heinrich III. after 1300 expanded the castle with round towers (west tower, south tower), St. George's Chapel (around 1330). When the west tower was added, one of the two previously existing lavatory noses and a window facing north had to be bricked up. One of the original abortion noses is still visible to the right of the west tower.
The rule of the bailiffs in Straßberg lasted until 1320. In 1327 the castle became the property of the bailiffs of Plauen . In the Vogtland War in 1356 it fell to the Margrave of Meißen from the House of Wettin . In 1357 Adorf / Vogtl. , Markneukirchen and the small office of Wiedersberg, southwest of Oelsnitz, sold by the Plauen bailiffs to the Meissen margrave. The two places came to the Voigtsberg office.
Around this time the east wing was added to the castle, with the George Chapel being incorporated into it. In 1378 the castle became the seat of an electoral office . Up until that time, the hall was free-standing; access to the interior was via a flight of stairs or stairs over the defensive wall. In 1455 Hans von Obernitz bought the Voigtsberg castle, including the Vogtsberg office and Vogtsberg district, with the towns of Oelsnitz , Adorf and Neukirchen, from Heinrich the Younger von Reuss zu Plauen . The offices were later electoral again.
Renaissance and Baroque
In the course of the Wettin rule, the castle was expanded with five bastions and a kennel on the attack side in order to do justice to the advances in weapon technology (such as cannons). In 1505, the west wing was added to the north side of the palace and the west tower. In 1525, many nobles in the area fled to the castle for fear of the peasant unrest in Vogtland . In the war year 1632 it was completely looted by the imperial troops of General Heinrich von Holk and then set on fire in 1633 during repeated passage.
With the conversion of the medieval castle to a castle after 1633, much of the older building fabric was lost; z. For example, the west wing is characterized by many repairs and today hardly contains any building material from the 16th century. The exposed ceiling beams in the Schösserstube from 1637 are painted with paint that has been relatively completely preserved to this day. From 1647 the seat of the mining office was in the castle. The Fürstensaal on the upper floor (from 1774) originally consisted of two rooms; the court room in the rear third and the “Great Hall” - the merging of these two rooms resulted in the actual Fürstensaal.
Modern times
The Office Voigtsberg had to 1855 located in the castle, then the regional administration went to the Amtshauptmannschaft Oelsnitz / Vogtl. over. The last bailiff hands it over to the Zwickau prison. First a workhouse for men, the castle was converted into a "prison for women" in 1874. Structural changes from 1898 to 1900 changed the castle considerably and severely impaired the overall impression. Due to the removal of the ceiling between the first floor and the upper floor in 1898 - in order to set up a prison church - the St. George's Chapel could only be reached via a gallery.
The gatehouse dates from this time . In 1924 the women's prison was dissolved and the voluntary labor service, the glider pilots and the Hitler Youth moved in. In 1937 the Oelsnitzer Heimatfreunde and the hiking club set up a museum of local history in the six rooms on the first floor of the main castle , which had to be cleared in 1945 because the castle served as a refugee and transit camp until 1951. After that, a youth work center became the user of the facility, who set up the nursery next to the castle. In 1961 it was taken over by the National People's Army . In 1967 the plant came into the possession of the city of Oelsnitz and has since housed the Oelsnitz Carpet Museum again . In 1976 the castle became the home of the district archive.
In 2001 a comprehensive renovation and restoration of the castle ensemble began. More than 10 million euros have already flowed into the restoration, so that today it is a gem of the city of Oelsnitz, but is largely unknown. In 2010 the carpet museum was able to reopen. Today (as of 2012) only the keep is still outstanding, which is no longer accessible due to a crack from the roof to the base. Since 2011 the cellar has housed a small mineral cabinet . A painting of Archduchess Catherine of Austria, signed Titian , hangs in the Fürstensaal .
Since August 2013, the castle has also been the address of a permanent book illustration exhibition . Under the name Illusorium, it provides insights into the extensive life's work of the Saxon graphic artist Regine Heinecke (1936–2019). She has adorned around 80 books for children and adults with her bizarre - humorous , poetic - fantastic pictures.
literature
- Johann Gottlieb Jahn : Documented chronicle of the city of Oelsnitz and the castle and office of Voigtsberg. Oelsnitz 1841 ( digitized version )
- Michael Rudolf and Joachim Forkel: Castles, palaces and mansions in the Vogtland. Weisser Stein publishing house, Greiz 1991.
- Curt von Raab : Schloss und Amt Vogtsberg up to the middle of the 16th century and the inheritance book from 1542 (18th annual publication), In: Mitteilungen des Alterthumsverein zu Plauen iV , Verlag Plauen, Kommissionsverlag von Rudolf Neupert, Plauen 1907 (reprint: 1999, Voigtsberger Museum Series, special edition), 527 pages
Web links
- Official website
- Description at Heykodehn.de
- Entry on Voigtsberg Castle in the private database "Alle Burgen".