Questionsstein castle ruins
| Questionsstein castle ruins | ||
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 Questionsstein castle ruins |
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| Alternative name (s): | Weineck | |
| Creation time : | 1227 (first documented mention) | |
| Castle type : | Hilltop castle | |
| Conservation status: | Ruin, partially renovated or secured | |
| Standing position : | Ministeriale | |
| Construction: | Humpback blocks, rubble stones | |
| Place: | Zirl municipality | |
| Geographical location | 47 ° 16 '42 " N , 11 ° 14' 21" E | |
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The ruins of the castle inquiriesstein , sometimes also referred to as the Weineck castle , are the partially renovated ruins of a hilltop castle in the municipality of Zirl in the Innsbruck-Land district of Tyrol .
history
Questionsstein Castle was founded by the Counts of Andechs , probably as early as the beginning of the 12th century. It was supposed to secure the route over the Seefelder Sattel , which is important for the salt trade , and finance it through tolls . In 1227 the castle was the seat of the Lords of Questions Stone , who were ministerials of the Andechs. A Hageno defragenstain appears here in a document in 1232. Before 1248 the castle came to the Count of Tyrol . The fortress was also the seat of the court in the 13th century, as the name may indicate. At that time, Frag was understood as an interrogation and the embarrassing question referred to torture .
In 1254 Gebhard von Hirschberg was a fiefdom taker, his son of the same name then sold the castle to Meinhard II of Tyrol in 1284 . He gave the castle as a fief to Otto Charlinger, Salzmeier zu Hall, and the court was moved to Hörtenberg . In 1345 Margrave Ludwig decided that the customs revenue from Zirl should be used to deny the castle hat . In 1355 Ruprecht Kärlinger (Charlinger) renounced the rule in favor of Berthold von Ebenhausen. Berchtold von Ebenhausen was a fiefdom holder until 1365. In 1365 Parzival I von Weineck acquired the castle; under it the keep west of the inner castle is built. In 1419 and 1426 the minstrel Oswald von Wolkenstein and brother-in-law of Parzival II von Weineck visited the castle. Parzival belonged to the aristocratic group that had risen against the sovereign in the Tyrolean Aristocratic League; In 1426 inquiries stone ceases to be a fiefdom, since Duke Friedrich IV. With the empty pocket forced the rebellious Parzival to sell the castle. However, due to a court ruling, the castle did not revert to the sovereign prince until 1446, who in turn appointed caretakers to manage the castle. Under Sigmund the rich in coins and his successor, Emperor Maximilian I , the castle was expanded and used as a starting point for the popular chamois and deer hunts . In 1469 a castle chapel is inaugurated in the palace.
Due to its widely visible location, the castle was predestined as a chalk fire station . In 1647 she had to establish the connection between Flaurling and Vellenberg . In the 17th century, the road across the Zirlerberg was shifted further west, which meant that questions stone lost its importance and began to deteriorate. From 1662, the castle was pledged to the court architect Johann Martin Gumpp , who then called himself Gumpp vonfragenstein .
On July 23, 1703, during the War of the Spanish Succession , the Bavarians invade Tyrol. During the so-called Bavarian hype , Tyrolean troops retreat to the castle and when they could no longer withstand the oppressive overwhelming power, they finally blow up the castle. The Meierhof below the castle also burned down. However, Johann Martin Gumpp had it rebuilt; the destroyed castle was left to decay.
The castle was described as a ruin as early as 1777. Up until the beginning of the 19th century, Fragenstein belonged to the Gumpp family as a pawn. In 1843 it and the properties belonging to it were pledged to the Zirler Peter Fuhrmann, Andrä Maizger and Jakob Kuen; The latter bought the ruin in 1843 and the Kuen family is still the owner of the main part of the complex. It is briefly mentioned in the Baedeker travel guide from 1855: "On the last ledge of the [Seefelder] Straße a square tower, ruins of the castle inquiries stone, once the favorite stay of Maximilian I. "
1877, the northeastern quarter of the east tower crashed to the Palas one. The first security work began by the Austrian Castle Association in 1933. Between 1974 and 1978, the ruins were finally renovated.
Questionsstein castle ruins today
Two square towers that can be seen from afar still stand from the once extensive castle complex. The plastered keep dates from the 13th century; the better preserved upper Weinecker tower was built in 1483 and still has the remains of a circular wall . The castle ruin lies on a narrow rock ridge that drops steeply to the south to the Inn valley and to the east almost perpendicular to the Schlossbergklamm.
The entrance from the west side is dominated by the keep, which is still fully preserved. Its northeast corner fell into the gorge at the end of the 19th century, but was erected again around 1960. The tower is about 11 meters long and shows all signs of habitability. Inside, it measures around 6.5 × 7.0 meters, which means that there were over 50 m² of living space available per floor. The corners are emphasized by humpback cuboids. The so-called dungeon is located on the ground floor , this has only one light slit facing south and was only accessible from the first floor via stairs or a ladder.
The first floor also contained the entrance to the tower, which was presumably accessible via a drawbridge : A round-arched high entrance was in the middle of the south side, which was not visible from the attack side. A second door was on the east side, but this was almost completely destroyed by the collapse of the northeast corner. In the SE corner of the residential tower there is a fireplace with the fireplace deepened in the thickness of the wall. The edges of the elongated niche are completely square. Just below the wooden ceiling, the chimney goes completely into the wall thickness and runs behind another chimney niche on the floor above. The north and west sides facing the attack side are windowless. In the late Gothic period or thereafter, hinges for folding shutters were attached to the west side, but behind which there were no windows (so-called blind windows ). The tower was leaning south Palas on; The outlines of its high pitched roof are still visible on the plaster.
The western curtain wall has been partially preserved from the Romanesque castle. On the valley side, this bends at right angles to the east, taking advantage of the natural terrain, and closes the castle off from the valley. The valley wall runs almost 30 meters to the east and thus encloses an almost vertically sloping rock rib on three sides, which is about 15 meters long and only about 5 meters wide. Another curtain wall runs down from the keep towards the field side. In a later construction phase there was still a gate tower , of which only small remains have been preserved.
The so-called Weinecker tower (named after the Bozen family of the Weineck family ) stands 100 meters north-west above the castle . This Gothic outwork has a dome attached, which is an ideal place for an attack on the castle. Due to the corner cuboid with pincer holes, it can only be dated to the late 14th century at the earliest. The pyramid roof was only put on it in the last quarter of the 20th century. It was five storeys high and about 30 m high. Its quarry stone walls are between 1.60 and 2.0 m thick, the side length is 7.75 m. On the top floor there is a round-arched opening that is slightly shifted from the central axis and takes up almost the entire width of the interior. Nothing is known about the purpose of this recess. The original entrance was on the second floor on the east side.
literature
- Georg Clam Martinic : Castles and palaces in Austria . Landesverlag in Veritas Verlag, Linz 1991, ISBN 3-85214-559-7 .
- Gerhard Stenzel: From castle to castle in Austria . 2nd, improved and enlarged edition. Kremayr & Scheriau, Vienna 1973, ISBN 3-218-00278-8 .
Individual evidence
- ^ Thomas Kühtreiber : Street and Castle. Notes on a complex relationship . In: Kornelia Holzner-Tobisch, Thomas Kühtreiber, Gertrud Blaschitz (eds.): The complexity of the street. Continuity and change in the Middle Ages and early modern times (= publications by the Institute for Reality Studies of the Middle Ages and Early Modern Times . Volume 22 ). Vienna 2012, chap. Castle and Customs Sites: Case Studies in a Comparison of Writing and Building History , p. 286 ( text on academia.edu ).
- ^ Karl Baedeker : Handbook for travelers in Germany and the Austrian Imperial State , Koblenz 1855, p. 331 ( online at archive.org).
- ^ Gerhard Stenzel: From castle to castle in Austria. 1973, p. 174.
