Orlík castle ruins
| Orlík | ||
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 Orlík castle ruins |
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| Alternative name (s): | Worlik, Humpolec | |
| Creation time : | after 1371 | |
| Castle type : | Höhenburg, summit location | |
| Conservation status: | ruin | |
| Place: | Rozkoš | |
| Geographical location | 49 ° 32 '40 .4 " N , 15 ° 22' 56.4" E | |
| Height: | 644 m nm | |
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The ruins of Orlík Castle , older Humpolec (German Worlik ) is a former Gothic hilltop castle in the area of the town of Humpolec in the Okres Pelhřimov in the Czech Republic .
geography
The ruin is located two kilometers east of the city center of Humpolec on the Rozkoš mountain (644 m nm) above the village of the same name in the Křemešnická vrchovina ( Křemešník Mountains ).
Surrounding places are Čejov in the north, Leština and Skála in the northeast, Bransoudov in the east, Rozkoš in the south, Humpolec in the west and Dusilov and Hadina in the northwest.
history
The castle was probably built in the last third of the 14th century by the lords of Dubá . There is no evidence of a connection with the Štůly gold mine to the northwest of the castle. It is believed that it was the seat of Heinrich von Dubá, who first used the name affix to Humpolec in 1399 . The castle was first mentioned in documents in 1404 in the course of its siege and capture by Heinrich von Rosenberg . After the death of Heinrich von Dubá († 1416), his heirs sold the Humpoletz property with the castle in 1420 to Jan Leskovec von Leskovec. Arnošt von Leskovec had the castle rebuilt and expanded. On September 2, 1496, the lords of Leskovec sold the castle to Jan Trčka of Lípa . After the castle had previously been called Humpolec , Zdeněk Trčka von Lípa wrote himself in 1559 as resident on Worlik via Humpolec ( Orlík nad Humpolcem ). During this time there must have been an accident, possibly a fire, at the castle. In 1560 Zdeněk Trčka von Lípa sold the desolate Worlik Castle including the also desolate Meierhof below the castle to Jan the Elder. J. Říčanský from Říčan († 1577) on Kosova Hora . Říčanský had the castle restored and bequeathed the Worlik rule to his son Jan Jiří Říčanský († 1583). His widow Johanka, née Čejková von Olbramovice, sold the estate to Christoph Karl von Ruppau ( Kryštof Karel z Roupova ) in 1588 . In 1601, the neighboring Herálec rulership acquired from Ruppau . There he had a new castle built and joined the Worlik domain, to which the town of Humpolec and the villages of Čejov , Dubí, Hněvkovice, Mikulášov, Plačkov, Rozkoš, Světlice and Vilémov belonged, to Herálec. Worlik Castle then only served as the administrative seat. After the battle of the White Mountain , the dominions Manětín , Herálec and Humpolec belonging to Christoph Karl von Ruppau were confiscated. The imperial chamber sold Herálec and Humpolec in 1623 for 83,264 shock to Philip the Elder. Ä. to Solms-Lich . This united both lords; the places subject to Worlik Castle formed the Humpolec manor from then on. The castle was abandoned. Further news, especially from the second half of the Thirty Years' War , when the area became a theater of war after the invasion of the Swedes and the occupation of the nearby Lipnice Castle , is missing. However, it can be assumed that the castle was destroyed during this time.
When Michael Achatius von Kirchner acquired the rule of Herálec with Humpolec in 1708, Worlik was mentioned as a desolate castle with well-preserved walls and the seat of a lordly forester. Later the castle was completely forgotten and its stones were sold as building material. A picture from 1803 shows the castle ruins before they were largely destroyed.
After the Second World War, the ruin was used as a center for youth events and entertainment. The Orlík ruin was declared a cultural monument in 1963. In the 1970s, the castle ruins had to be closed due to the risk of collapse. In 1977, part of the outdoor shots for the film How to Wake Up Sleeping Beauty was filmed on Orlík . Since 1997 the ruin has been open to the public again from June to September. The keep was refurbished in 2014 and expanded into a lookout tower by installing iron stairs.
investment
The original castle of the lords of Dubá was a small complex with a rectangular floor plan in the southern part of today's castle grounds, which was accessible from the north through a bridge over the moat . On the north side, were castle gate and a powerful keep connected to the engaging the west and south sides Palas was connected by a bridge. The castle walls directly adjoined the palas. Below the palace and on the east side, the castle was protected by the steep slopes of the castle hill. The outer bailey was mostly only protected by wooden palisades , a moat and a wall. A small chapel was later built between the gate and the hall. After the conquest in 1404, Heinrich von Dubá probably had the entire complex protected by a stone castle wall.
Under Arnošt von Leskovec, the castle wall was rebuilt and reinforced with square bastions. A tower gate was built between the tower and the central bastion to access the main castle ; the old castle gate was walled up. The ground floor of the bastion next to the first gate was made into the castle kitchen. The main castle hall was also rebuilt and the cellars were vaulted with barrel vaults . At that time, the former outer bailey had already lost its function as a farm yard to the suburbium that had arisen near the main access road . Arnošt von Leskovec had a new residential building built in the north-eastern part of the outer bailey.
At the beginning of the 16th century, the renovations were continued under Jan Trčka von Lípa. He had the bastion built in the northeast of the complex at the first castle gate. A new representative hall was built in the northern part. From the middle of the 16th century, the Trčka von Lípa gentlemen continued to expand the fortifications by converting existing buildings to save costs. After the castle was probably destroyed by fire around 1560, Jan Říčanský von Říčan had it rebuilt as a mansion and new buildings built in the interior of the western part.
After 1623 the castle was abandoned and probably destroyed in the Thirty Years War. The corner tower partially collapsed in the first half of the 19th century. A little later, the first castle gate including the castle wall was demolished as building material. In 1911 the keep collapsed completely.
The first conservation measures on the remains of the keep and other walls were carried out in 1913 by residents of Humpolec. Between 1939 and 1943, the KČT carried out extensive security work and excavations, which, however, could not be completed because of the war. After the building authorities closed the building in the 1970s, the ruin was used again to extract cheap building blocks.
In 1988, a small group of local enthusiasts, who later formed the Humpolec branch of the August Sedláček Club, began work on preserving the castle. Major security works to preserve the ruins and make them accessible to the public were carried out from 1992 to 1996 by the Pelhřimov district administration and the city of Humpolec. However, there was a lack of funds for further work on the walls in the northern part of the castle. In 1997 the branch of the Sedláček Club founded the non-profit company Castrum ops , to which the owner - the town of Humpolec - officially entrusted the security and repair work to the castle.
At the beginning of the 21st century, the repairs to the upper castle were completed, and a large part of the lower castle was secured. An administration building was built around 2005. In 2008, maintenance work began on the northern bastion.
description
In the ruins there is a castle museum with historical illustrations and photos, a reconstruction model from the beginning of the 20th century, replicas of medieval furniture and tools as well as archaeological finds. You can also visit:
- the main tower : the square tower with a side length of five and a half meters originally had a height of 25 meters and was only accessible via a wooden walkway from the old hall, which could be removed in case of danger. It served to protect the old gate to the main castle as well as the most easily attacked northern castle flank. In 2014 an iron staircase was built inside the hollow tower
- the old hall formed the southern and western part of the inner castle. It probably consisted of three living rooms that could be heated with tiled stoves and an attic, later a chapel was added.
- the second gate and the bastion are the best preserved parts of the castle. They were built in the first half of the 15th century under the lords of Leskovec. At the gate it can be seen that the access was protected by a small double drawbridge and a double gate. A side gate leads into the area in front of the tower, which was probably a protected kennel. The bastion is a fortification from the mid-15th century, inside it is shown replicas of furnishings and a tiled stove. A viewing terrace was created above both systems.
- the castle kitchen was built from a bastion next to the first gate. During archaeological investigations in 1996 remains of a bread oven, an open fireplace and a roasting place were found; the bread oven was later reconstructed and is ready for use.
- the new palace and the bastion were part of the new castle complex built in the former outer bailey in the 16th century. The bastion served to protect the main entrance. Only the outer walls with window openings and ceiling beam pockets have survived from the renaissance-style palas. The bastion and the surrounding walls of the new castle complex are well preserved.
Marked hiking trails lead from Rozkoš and Humpolec to the castle. The Březina educational trail leads through the surroundings of the castle with the reconstructed Suburbian fountain and the Štůly gold mine. A medieval festival takes place over two days at the beginning of July and the Film a dějiny film festival at the end of August .
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Description as a cultural monument ÚSKP 35556 / 3-3032 in the monument catalog pamatkovykatalog.cz (Czech).
- ↑ FILM a DĚJINY