C / 1533 M1
| C / 1533 M1 [i] | |
|---|---|
| Properties of the orbit ( animation ) | |
| Orbit type | parabolic |
| Numerical eccentricity | 1.0 |
| Perihelion | 0.255 AU |
| Inclination of the orbit plane | 149.6 ° |
| Perihelion | June 15, 1533 |
| Orbital velocity in the perihelion | 83 km / s |
| history | |
| Explorer | |
| Date of discovery | June 26, 1533 |
| Older name | 1533 |
| Source: Unless otherwise stated, the data comes from JPL Small-Body Database Browser . Please also note the note on comet articles . | |
C / 1533 M1 was a comet that could be seen with the naked eye in 1533 . Due to its extraordinary brightness , it is counted among the " Great Comets ", but was only discovered after its perihelion.
Discovery and observation
After the comet 1 / P Halley returned in 1531, as well as the appearance of the great comet C / 1532 R1 in the previous year, a comet appeared again in June 1533, which should be counted among the "big ones".
A Korean chronicle reports the first sighting of the comet on the morning of June 27, 1533 (local time). The comet is described as white and with a tail 7 to 8 degrees long. Further observations followed.
The German astronomer Achilles Pirminius Gasser observed the comet on the morning of June 29th. Chinese texts report a comet on July 1st with a 5 ° long tail. During July the comet was well observed. Girolamo Fracastoro described the July 7th apparition as "a little bigger than Jupiter , while his tail or beard was as long as a military lance in the sky". On July 9, the Belgian astronomer Gemma R. Frisius noticed that the comet had become circumpolar , after which it could also be seen in the evening sky .
In Japan , the comet was first seen on July 14 in the north. The tail length increased to 15 ° on July 22nd, as reported by Peter Apian , and then decreased again. The last observations were made in Korea on August 26 and in China on September 16.
It may also have been seen by the Aztecs , as suggested by Central American texts. There are also reports of this comet from Kashmir .
The comet reached a magnitude of 0 on June 27th .
Orbit
The few observations made allow only an approximate determination of the orbit for which a parabolic orbit was assumed. Its inclination towards the ecliptic was around 150 °. The comet thus runs retrograde (opposite to the planets) through its orbit. In its closest point to the Sun ( perihelion ) it was on June 15, 1533 at a distance of about 38.1 million km from the Sun within the orbit of Mercury . By May 4, it had already approached the earth to about 0.59 AU (88 million km). Around June 18, it passed Venus in about 72 million km , and around August 2, it again approached Earth to within 0.42 AU (63 million km).
In July 1534 there was also a close pass (0.70 AU) on Jupiter . The orbital eccentricity of the comet was reduced by about 0.0006 in particular through this passage. However, because of the uncertain initial data, no statement can be made from this as to whether the orbit is now definitely elliptical and how long the orbit time may be . The comet is unlikely to return to the inner solar system , or will return many tens or hundreds of thousands of years .
See also
Individual evidence
- ^ W. Kokott: The Comet of 1533 . In: Journal for the History of Astronomy , Vol. 12, 1981, pp. 95-112. ( bibcode : 1981JHA .... 12 ... 95K )
- ^ GW Kronk: Cometography - A Catalog of Comets, Volume 1. Ancient - 1799 . Cambridge University Press, 1999, ISBN 978-0-521-58504-0 , pp. 303-304.
- ^ Subhash Kak: Three Interesting 15th and 16th Century Comet Sightings in Kashmiri Chronicles . 2008. ( arxiv : physics / 0309113 )
- ^ Donald K. Yeomans: NASA JPL Solar System Dynamics: Great Comets in History. Retrieved June 12, 2014 .
- ↑ C / 1533 M1 in the Small-Body Database of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (English).
- ↑ SOLEX 11.0 A. Vitagliano. Archived from the original on September 18, 2015 ; accessed on May 2, 2014 .