C / 1532 R1
| C / 1532 R1 [i] | |
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The comet from 1532
in a woodcut by P. Apian |
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| Properties of the orbit ( animation ) | |
| Orbit type | parabolic |
| Numerical eccentricity | 1.0 |
| Perihelion | 0.519 AU |
| Inclination of the orbit plane | 32.6 ° |
| Perihelion | October 18, 1532 |
| Orbital velocity in the perihelion | 78 km / s |
| history | |
| Explorer | |
| Date of discovery | September 1, 1532 |
| Older name | 1532 |
| Source: Unless otherwise stated, the data comes from JPL Small-Body Database Browser . Please also note the note on comet articles . | |
C / 1532 R1 was a comet that could be seen with the naked eye in 1532 . Due to its extraordinary brightness, it is counted among the " Great Comets ".
Discovery and observation
Two Chinese texts report that this comet was first seen on the morning of September 2, 1532 (local time) with a tail 1 ° long. The comet stayed in the morning sky for the remainder of its appearance. The comet was first seen in Korea two weeks later on September 13 and one day later in Japan . Around October 1st, the Koreans report a tail length of 10 ° and a white color.
European observers recorded exact positions of the comet so that very precise orbital elements could be derived from it. The mathematician and astronomer Peter Apian depicted the positions of the comet and the direction of the tail in a woodcut ; he was able to observe it from September 25th to November 20th in Leipzig and Dresden . Detailed information on observations from September 22nd to December 3rd also come from Girolamo Fracastoro in the area of Verona , but his information does not fit well with those of Apian. Another astronomer at the time, Johannes Vögelin from Vienna, tried to determine the distance of the comet using its parallax . Even Paracelsus observed the comet and described his tail as a whip or broom.
The last observations of the comet were made in the second half of December.
The comet reached a magnitude of −1 mag on October 13th .
Orbit
For the comet, due to the few observations made, it was only possible to determine a parabolic orbit with limited precision , which is inclined by around 33 ° to the ecliptic . At the point of the orbit closest to the sun ( perihelion ), which the comet passed on October 18, 1532, it was located at a distance of about 77.7 million km between the orbits of Mercury and Venus .
By September 21, it had already approached the earth to around 0.67 AU / 100 million km. Around October 2nd it passed Venus in about 89 million km and two months after its perihelion it passed Mars at a distance of about 104 million km on December 25 . In August / September 1533 there was a relatively close passage (1.6 AU) of Jupiter .
The comet is unlikely to return to the inner solar system , or will return many tens or hundreds of thousands of years .
Comet C / 1532 R1 was already associated with comet C / 1661 C1 by Edmond Halley . The comet should have reappeared around 1788 or 1789, but this did not happen. When comet 153P / Ikeya-Zhang appeared in 2002 , the possibility that it could be a return of the comet of 1532 was discussed after the first determinations of its orbital elements. However, after more precise orbit elements could be determined, the direct connection with C / 1532 R1 proved to be untenable.
See also
Individual evidence
- ^ Gary W. Kronk : Cometography - A Catalog of Comets, Volume 1. Ancient - 1799 . Cambridge University Press, 1999, ISBN 978-0-521-58504-0 , pp. 301-303.
- ^ AG Pingré: Cométographie ou Traité historique et théorique des comètes . Tome I, Paris, 1783, pp. 491-495.
- ^ Donald K. Yeomans: NASA JPL Solar System Dynamics: Great Comets in History. Retrieved June 12, 2014 .
- ↑ C / 1532 R1 in the Small-Body Database of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (English).
- ↑ SOLEX 11.0 A. Vitagliano. Archived from the original on September 18, 2015 ; accessed on May 2, 2014 .
- ^ Gary W. Kronk: Cometography - A Catalog of Comets, Volume 1. Ancient - 1799 . Cambridge University Press, 1999, ISBN 978-0-521-58504-0 , pp. 349-350.
- ^ Gary W. Kronk: Cometography - 153P / Ikeya-Zhang. Retrieved June 12, 2014 .