Calcium hypochlorite
| Structural formula | ||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
  
|
||||||||||||||||
| General | ||||||||||||||||
| Surname | Calcium hypochlorite | |||||||||||||||
| other names |
|
|||||||||||||||
| Molecular formula | Ca (ClO) 2 | |||||||||||||||
| Brief description |
whitish solid with a chlorine odor |
|||||||||||||||
| External identifiers / databases | ||||||||||||||||
|
||||||||||||||||
| properties | ||||||||||||||||
| Molar mass | 142.98 g mol −1 | |||||||||||||||
| Physical state |
firmly |
|||||||||||||||
| density |
2.35 g cm −3 |
|||||||||||||||
| Melting point |
|
|||||||||||||||
| solubility |
200 g l −1 in water (decomposition) |
|||||||||||||||
| safety instructions | ||||||||||||||||
|
||||||||||||||||
| Toxicological data | ||||||||||||||||
| As far as possible and customary, SI units are used. Unless otherwise noted, the data given apply to standard conditions . | ||||||||||||||||
Calcium hypochlorite is the calcium salt of hypochlorous acid with the chemical formula Ca (OCl) 2 . It must be differentiated from the so-called chlorinated lime , which is a technical mixture of calcium chloride, calcium hypochlorite and calcium hydroxide due to the manufacturing process.
properties
Calcium hypochlorite is a white powder or granulate that smells of hypochlorous acid and chlorine . It is moderately soluble in water; concentrated solutions are greenish-yellow in color. With acids , even from the carbon dioxide in the air, a very small part of which is converted into carbonic acid in aqueous solutions , chlorine. Example based on the reaction of sulfuric acid with chlorinated lime:
When standing and with some metal oxides, oxygen is released (especially when exposed to light) .
Manufacturing
To produce calcium hypochlorite, a calcium hydroxide suspension is chlorinated at −20 ° C so that only the calcium chloride dissolves.
use
In technology, chlorinated lime or calcium hypochlorite are used as bleaching agents for cellulose , paper and textiles , but for environmental reasons they are being replaced by other chlorine-free bleaching processes. Calcium hypochlorite is also used for the production of chloroform , for the bleaching of shellac and in the extraction of cobalt for the separation of other metals. It is also used in swimming pool water treatment for public and private swimming pools for disinfection.
In the military sector, technical calcium hypochlorite is used both in an approx. 10% aqueous solution and in the form of a water-in-oil emulsion with tetrachlorethylene for the decontamination of chemical and biological warfare agents and is designated with the NATO abbreviation C8 .
safety instructions
Calcium hypochlorite is harmful to health and should be stored in a cool and dry place, as it tends to decompose and heat itself. Oxidizable substances and acids must be kept away.
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e f data sheet calcium hypochlorite (PDF) from Merck , accessed on January 19, 2011.
- ↑ a b Entry on calcium hypochlorite in the GESTIS substance database of the IFA , accessed on February 1, 2016(JavaScript required) .
- ↑ Entry on calcium hypochlorite in the Classification and Labeling Inventory of the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA), accessed on February 1, 2016. Manufacturers or distributors can expand the harmonized classification and labeling .
- ↑ a b Entry on calcium hypochlorite. In: Römpp Online . Georg Thieme Verlag, accessed on June 15, 2014.
- ↑ Patent DE 19528394: Process for the decontamination of skin or materials contaminated with chemical warfare agents from August 2, 1995.