Campemoor
The Campemoor is a 42.5 km² high moor area south of Damme in Lower Saxony . Within the bog is the bog colony and farmers Campemoor .
Location and origin
The Campemoor is 10 km northeast of Bramsche and 6 km south of Damme and the Dammer Mountains within the approximately 300 km² large Dümmer basin at an altitude of 43 to 45 m above sea level. NN . It is the central part of the Great Moor near Damme. The formation of the moor began around the 5th millennium BC. After the climate warmed and post-glacial permafrost weakened. In the first 1500 years, a fen developed first . Then the raised bog began to develop, the result of which is a peat layer that is around 5 meters thick today.
history
Bog trails
At different times, prehistoric moor paths led through the camp moor . Some of these were recognized during the hand peat dig in the 1950s and 1960s, but were not investigated further. After the discovery of a moor path during machine demolition at the end of the 1980s, the Hanoverian Institute for Monument Preservation (IfD) dealt with the site as the forerunner of the Lower Saxony State Office for Monument Preservation (NLD). From 1992 onwards, the NLD carried out archaeological investigations lasting several years, covering a total of six pathways in the Campemoor . Due to the favorable conservation conditions in the moor, the path constructions have been preserved underground to the present day. One of the paths was discovered in the Neolithic for several decades from around 4614 to around 4540 BC. Built in the 4th century BC and is considered to be the world's oldest discovered moor path.
In the course of the excavations in 1998, a Mesolithic camp site was prospered near the pile paths . There were flint blades , knives and scrapers .
Campemoor Colony
The Campemoor is named after Martin von Campe , who held the office of governor of the Prussian province of Hanover from 1925 to 1931 . Until 1803, the area belonged mainly to the Osnabrück Monastery ; the smaller part to the Niederstift Münster . The larger part was allocated to the Kingdom of Hanover at the Congress of Vienna in 1815 , the smaller to the Grand Duchy of Oldenburg . In 1815, a hunting stake, which is still in place today, was set up as a marker in the moor; By 1885, different offices collided there, namely the offices of Vörden , Wittlage and Vechta . From 1939 to the Lower Saxony district reform in 1972, there was a triangle in Campemoor between the districts of Bersenbrück , Wittlage and Vechta .
In the 1880s, the moorland was divided with the allocation of peat parts to authorized persons and the definition of peat cut areas. Before the First World War , the Hannoversche Kolonisations- und Moorverwertungs-Actien-Gesellschaft (HAKUMAG) in Schwege acquired large areas of moorland and was mining peat as early as 1900. From the 1920s, colonization took place within the moor area through the expulsion of settler sites. In 1934 a new school building was built, which is used as a so-called club house after the school moved out in the 1970s. In 1938 the colonization was completed with 48 settlements. The settlers practiced agriculture on the pitted areas, in 1955 through 60 agricultural properties on an area of around 1000 hectares. In this way arose peasantry Campemoor that in 1974 the fact that Vörden , Hinnenkamp and Hörsten from the district of Osnabrück were taken out, a municipality Neuenkirchen-Vörden was in the district of Vechta (today 268 inhabitants).
today
Today the camp moor is a partially drained high moor area that was cultivated as grassland and arable land or is used as pasture . The areas that remained uncultivated are mainly characterized by birch teal forests. On the basis of the state spatial planning program 2008, the Campemoor is a " priority area " for peat extraction, i. H. Basically, the moor is available for the purpose of raw material extraction; Further details are regulated by a land extraction master plan.
Signs along a 1.3 km long nature trail inform visitors about the formation, use and renaturation of moors in general and the camp moors in particular.
future
Generally intended Lower Saxony Moore after the rights of use for peat decomposing plants rewetted be. In the case of Campemoor, however, this plan causes problems because agriculture is practiced in the middle of the moor, which would largely lose its livelihood if it were rewetted. In addition, peat exploiting companies in the region have already switched to “peat extraction exclusively on previously used agricultural areas”, which also reduces the area in the Campemoor that can be used for agriculture.
In 2013, the coalition agreement of the newly formed red-green coalition in the Lower Saxony state parliament stipulated that “priority areas for peat extraction should be dispensed with entirely for reasons of climate and nature conservation”, and explicitly included the camp moor. The residents of Campemoor met with fierce opposition to the new draft of a regional spatial planning program derived from this.
literature
- Ursula Dieckmann: Campemoor , investigations into the structure and location of the Neolithic plank paths 31 (Pr) and 32 (Pr) in the Campemoor , the development of the raised bog in the Campemoor as an example of a human-influenced moor genesis in: Paleoecological studies on the development of natural and cultural landscapes on the northern edge des Wiehengebirge , issue 4, 1998, ( Online , 5 MB, pdf)
- The moor settlement Campemoor in: Moor times. 3 × Moor in the Oldenburger Münsterland , published on the occasion of the exhibition of the same name, Diepholz, 2003, pp. 118–120
Web links
Individual evidence
- ^ Eva Rosinski / Claudia Tillmann: Research project evaluation of raised bog renaturation in southern Lower Saxony . Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster / Institute for Landscape Ecology. 2011, p. 7 (3)
- ^ Bog and wet soil archeology in the Lower Saxony State Office for Monument Preservation
- ^ Friedrich Brüggemann: Political boundaries - by whom and how was the area of today's Campemoor governed and administered? ( Memento of the original from May 7, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. . 1997
- ↑ Jost Evers - The first settler in Campemoor in: Am heimatlichen Herd , Heimatblatt des Kreisheimatbund Bersenbrück u. a. of April 29, 2014 (pdf)
- ↑ Initiativkreis Campemoor ( Memento of the original from May 7, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Eva-Maria Langfermann: Bodenabbauleitplan in Campemoor. Peat extraction and land-use planning . District of Vechta / Office for Planning, Environment and Building Regulations, subject area planning and nature conservation. P. 5 and 11
- ^ Campemoor initiative group: Minutes of the meeting on May 26, 2008 ( Memento of the original of May 8, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Gramoflor: Prime Minister Stephan Weil obtained information from Gramoflor in Vechta about today's peat extraction and substrate production
- ↑ Petra Sewig: "Peat conservation and moor development in the state spatial planning program". NLT symposium "Peatland development and peat extraction in Lower Saxony". March 5, 2014 in Hanover . P. 2
- ^ Citizens present Thümler worries - opposition leaders in the Duffe living room in Campemoor . New Osnabrück newspaper . February 9, 2015
- ↑ Meyer comes to meet bog farmers . Hannoversche Allgemeine Zeitung . November 13, 2015
- ↑ Peat extraction in Campemoor remains a point of contention in the council . New Osnabrück newspaper . December 22, 2015
Coordinates: 52 ° 27 ′ 57 ″ N , 8 ° 11 ′ 13 ″ E