Lumpy skin disease

The lumpy skin disease (syn. Dermatitis nodular , nodular disease of cattle , Eng. Lumpy Skin Disease ) is a not on humans transferable viral disease of certain types of ruminants , with nodular changes in the skin , the mucous membranes accompanied and in the internal organs . Affected animals are also characterized by emaciation, enlarged lymph nodes, skin edema and can occasionally die of the disease. The disease is particularly endemic in Africa . In EuropeOutbreaks were first recorded in 2015, all of which occurred in Greece near the Turkish border. In 2016, the disease spread to the entire southern Balkans (Bulgaria, Macedonia, Serbia, Albania, Montenegro and Kosovo).

Etiology and Distribution

Capripoxvirus bovis nodularis
Systematics
Classification : Viruses Area : Varidnaviria Empire : Bamfordvirae Phylum : Nucleocytoviricota Class : Pokkesviricetes Order : Chitovirals Family : Poxviridae Subfamily : Chordopoxvirinae Genre : Capripox virus Type : Capripoxvirus bovis nodularis
Taxonomic characteristics
Genome : dsDNA linear Baltimore : Group 1 Symmetry : complex Cover : available
Scientific name
Lumpy skin disease virus
Short name
LSDV
Left
NCBI  Taxonomy: 59509 ICTV Taxon History: 201854752

The causative agent is the Lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV, outdated Capripoxvirus bovis nodularis ) from the genus Capripoxvirus and belongs to the subfamily Chordopoxvirinae of the smallpox viruses . The genome is a single (i.e., unsegmented) linear double-stranded DNA molecule.

The disease is endemic to Africa . The main host is cattle , but buffalo , giraffes and impalas are also susceptible. The morbidity is 5 to 45%, but the mortality is low at 1 to 5%. An epidemic occurs in unvaccinated cattle every five to six years . The virus is mainly spread via biting insects, the transmission being purely mechanical. Spreading through objects contaminated with virus-containing saliva is also possible.

clinic

The incubation period is 2 to 4 weeks. Symptoms are fever , increased lacrimation, and nasal discharge. In severely affected animals, numerous lumps develop in the skin and mucous membranes of the eyes , nose, mouth and genitals . Because of this picture, the disease got its name ( lumpy skin ). The nodes disintegrate necrotic and are often secondary to bacterial infection .

The disease can also take a subclinical course with a mild fever and few skin lesions.

diagnosis

The clinical picture already allows a suspected diagnosis. Virus isolation and identification by electron microscopy or immunological methods ( ELISA ) are evidence of this . Antibodies can be detected by immunofluorescence , virus neutralization test and Western blot .

Combat

The disease is a notifiable animal disease . Live vaccines based on the sheeppox virus are used in endemic areas .

Individual evidence

1. ↑ § 2 Z 8 of the Lumpy Skin Disease Ordinance ( Federal Law Gazette II No. 315/2017 ).
2. ↑ Lumpy Skin Disease detected for the first time in Greece
3. ↑ ^{a b} Donata Hoffmann et al .: Lympy Skin Disease. In: Dt. TAB. Volume 64 2016, Issue 9, pp. 1350-1053.
4. ↑ ^{a b c d e} ICTV: ICTV Taxonomy history: Variola virus , EC 51, Berlin, Germany, July 2019; Email ratification March 2020 (MSL # 35)

This article is about a health issue. It is not used for self-diagnosis and does not replace a diagnosis by a doctor. Please note the information on health issues !