Carl Theodor Greiner

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Carl Theodor Greiner (born August 2, 1821 in Oßweil , Kingdom of Württemberg , † June 30, 1849 in Oos (Baden-Baden) ) was a German legal candidate and editor. As a radical republican and insurgent, he was shot on the battlefield during the Baden Revolution.

Life

Greiner's father had been a clerk and mayor of Oßweil since 1810. Since 1812 he was married to Christl Friederike Rahel geb. Huber . Two of the six children died in childbed. Emma, ​​Ottilie, Karl Julius and Carl Theodor remained. In 1824 the parents separated. The mother moved to Pfullingen with the four children . The daughters married in Reutlingen . With a grant from the Dechant-Römer'schen Foundation , Theodor came to the Evangelical Seminary in Maulbronn in autumn 1835 . In 1840 he passed the preliminary examination for jurisprudence. So that he could at the State University enroll . Since his Matura was officially published, he only had to present the study permit from his legal representative .

Tübingen

Since November 11, 1840 student of University of Tübingen , renoncierte it on 1 December 1840 at the Corps Franconia Tübingen . On August 20, 1841, he was the closer Corps recipiert . Franconia - after Georg Schmidgall at that time with a decidedly republican attitude - elected him on December 4, 1841 as consenior and on February 13, 1842 as senior . Re-elected on March 3, 1842, he was arrested on the carriage ride to Wurmlingen by the Tübingen police inspector Maier - he had two basketball clubs with him. On trial, Greiner resigned from his charge . The Tübingen Higher Regional Court did not consider the preparation of a duel to be punishable and referred the matter to the university's disciplinary committee. Because of “disregard of the laws regarding the forbidden liaison system” (without political direction) she decided on March 12, 1842 at the Consilium abeundi for a period of one year. With six corps brothers who were equally punished, Greiner had to leave the city within three days.

From March 1842 to January 1843 he stayed in Stuttgart . In the meantime he was probably with the Higher Justice Procurator in Ulm . The study file in Tübingen notes a new matriculation for the winter semester 1844/45. On November 13, 1844, Greiner was to be conciliated again for a year ; on the appeal ways was on January 9, 1845 but on four-week detention decided. This reflects the university's ambivalent attitude towards the Tübingen student associations : on the one hand, they were banned, on the other hand, they were used in the Tübingen bread riot (1831) and the hunger riots (1847).

Reutlingen

In January 1848 Greiner appeared in Herrenberg . The local council welcomed his intention to publish a political newspaper. Since the Reutlinger Courier promoted the republic and Greiner's sisters (perhaps also the mother) lived in Reutlingen , Greiner took up an editorial position at the newspaper on March 27, 1849. He took their Republican orientation to extremes. At the time of the Reich constitution campaign , he initiated the Republican People's Assembly , which met in Reutlingen on Pentecost (May 27/28) 1849. On Pentecost Sunday, Greiner was a member of the legitimation commission. The People's Assembly appointed a military district commission whose members were to “bring about the military detention of the people in their circles” and to fight against troops of the German Confederation . As the “captain of the voluntary workers company”, Greiner called “the vigilante men to participate in an armed move”. He held town meetings, trained vigilantes and collected weapons. When the Baden Revolution broke out and calls for help came from the Grand Duchy of Baden , the citizens' sons withdrew. Greiner was not discouraged. He approached craftsmen, journeymen and day laborers and tried to gain time for military training by reducing working hours. Finally he had 200 volunteers.

When Wilhelm I (Württemberg) sold the rump parliament , a poster was put up in Reutlingen:

“The government has declared war on the people, the Heilbronn vigilante group is to be disarmed because they have made themselves available to the national assembly and the imperial government. Several thousand men from our troops are already standing in Heilbronn to disarm. The battle between citizens and soldiers can break out at any moment. Now, people, arise to save freedom. Come to the aid of your brothers; because only in this way can you protect yourself from the brutal violence! "

- Poster in Reutlingen, June 14, 1849

Greiner had gone to Baden the day before to be able to report on the theater of war. At the same time he helped to build up the Swabian Legion in Pforzheim . He was a warrant searched because he intended to invade as an officer of the Legion in Württemberg. 50 men moved from Reutlingen to Pforzheim.

Rastatt

Greiner initially did not return to the troops, but moved to the Rastatt fortress . After he had released some of the prisoners there and the commandant Wilhelm von Cloßmann had been arrested, he was appointed governor . Allegedly unable to work in a loyal sense, he fled the fortress on the night of June 28, 1849 with a pass he had written himself. Unlike other insurgent leaders, he now returned to the Swabian Legion (probably near Oos). She gave him an enthusiastic welcome and elected him to command.

Battle at Oos

Two days after his escape, on June 30, 1849, Greiner and his troops went to battle near Oos . Infantrymen from the Duchy of Nassau took several prisoners who were gunned down on the orders of a Prussian officer. Greiner rode to meet Hessian horsemen whom he considered to be allied dragoons from Baden. They tore him from his horse and shot him behind the front with his rifle. His body was buried. No church book has recorded his death.

Late honor

When the jury trial was opened against the leaders of the uprising, all had to be tried in absentia. The populist speakers were in Switzerland, France or already in the United States in order to be politically active again. By not running away and talking, but staying with his troops and fighting, Greiner was forgotten.

He is mentioned in the history of the corps of the Tübingen Franconia (Schneider-Horn, 1969). He was commemorated for the 175th Foundation Festival (1976).

The city of Reutlingen donated the Theodor Greiner Literature Prize , which was awarded in 1986 and 1990.

Remarks

  1. ↑ A certificate of good repute from Ulm recorded no police complaints.
  2. ↑ There are very different, partly contradicting versions of the battle at Oos. The participation of infantry from the principalities of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen and Liechtenstein as well as dragoons from the Grand Duchy of Hesse is documented . The insurgents captured a Mecklenburg howitzer , which they brought to Switzerland (Hermann Greiner).

literature

  • Daniel Starost: Diary about the events in the Palatinate and Baden in 1849 , 2 volumes. Potsdam 1853.
  • Hermann Greiner: Carl Theodor Greiner Franconiae Tübingen. Corps student and revolutionary . Einst und Jetzt , Vol. 43 (1998), pp. 221-234.
  • Heinrich Loose: The German constitutional struggle in the year 1849. Battle pictures . C. Mäckes, Reutlingen & Leipzig 1852.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Greiner's life data (leo-bw)
  2. ^ Government Gazette for Württemberg from July 1840, from October 3, 1840, p. 402.
  3. ↑ a b c d e f Hermann Greiner: Carl Theodor Greiner Franconiae Tübingen. Corps student and revolutionary . Einst und Jetzt , Vol. 43 (1998), pp. 221-234.
  4. ↑ Kösener corps lists 1910, 194/113.
  5. ^ Repertory on the criminal cases that occurred at the University Office from July 1, 1831 to 1860; 1842 No. 409.
  6. ^ Minutes of the local council of Herrenberg from June 22, 1848 (Vol. XX, fol 247)
  7. ↑ Baden-Württemberg State Archives
  8. ↑ state archive Ludwigsburg B 5 118-11-2, Fasc. No. 135.
  9. ^ Called up in the Reutlinger Courier on June 2, 1849, in: State Archives Ludwigsburg, inventory E 320, Büschel 5.
  10. ↑ Generallandesarchiv Karlsruhe 171, No. 2380 and 2381
  11. ↑ Otto von Corvin : From the life of a people's warrior , Vol. 1-4. Amsterdam 1861
  12. ^ Events in the battle near Oos in the Baden campaign and participation of the Hohenzollern battalion in this battle  in the German Digital Library
  13. ↑ Report by Major Werner of July 10, 1849
  14. ↑ Helmut Haasis: The Swabian Legion in Baden 1849 .
  15. ^ Reutlinger Erzählungen: the texts of the Reutlinger Theodor Greiner Literature Prize 1986, Verlag Der Freiheitsbaum, Reutlingen 1988, ISBN 9783922589044
personal data
SURNAME Greiner, Carl Theodor
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German editor and revolutionary (1848/49)
DATE OF BIRTH August 2, 1821
PLACE OF BIRTH Oßweil
DATE OF DEATH June 30, 1849
Place of death Oos (Baden-Baden)