Carlsberg (Copenhagen)

Coordinates: 55 ° 40 ′ 8.8 ″  N , 12 ° 32 ′ 24 ″  E

The double gate seen from the south, in the direction of Ny Carlsberg (Neu Carlsberg). The sculptural group “Klokkeslagerne” by Stephan Sinding is located above the tower clock .

Carlsberg , also in Danish Carlsberg Byen (Carlsberg-Quartier), is a district in the Copenhagen district of Valby , neighboring Vesterbro .

The production site was created when JC Jakobsen took vacant land into use for his newly established Carlsberg brewery . The first brewery was established on November 11, 1847, and beer production has increased continuously since then. The mass production of beer stopped in 2008. Carlsberg relocated its beer production to other locations in Denmark, with a production focus especially at the location in Fredericia ( Jutland ). The Jacobsen brewery still exists and produces specialty beers. The entire former brewery site and industrial area of ​​the Carlsberg brewery, with more than 30 hectares of distributed area, has been transformed into a new residential area for years.

In the 19th and early 20th centuries, many of the historic buildings that exist today, many with intricate decorations, were built. This includes two historical parks. The area is dominated by numerous listed buildings. The development originally had a wide range of functions, some of which were not directly related to the production of beer . This includes a lighthouse , the former stables of the Carlsberg brewery and some Italian-style villas.

After the closure of the brewery was sealed, planning to redesign the district began immediately. The master plan referred to the existing infrastructure of this area, the entire historical industrial development as well as all squares, streets and alleys. The aim of the plan is to significantly enhance the quality of the area and to implement sustainable , active urban life in urban development . The redevelopment area was tendered as a master plan, and the design by the Danish architecture firm Entasis was awarded a prize at the 2009 World Architecture Festival .

geography

Carlsbergbyen has a total area of ​​33 hectares and lies at the intersection of four districts. It borders Vesterbro in the east, Valby in the west, Frederiksberg Kommune in the north and Kongens Enghave in the south. The area west of the Carlsberg has extensive green areas, with the Søndermarken -Frederiksberg Park in the northwest and the Vestre cemetery, which is located directly on the tracks of the railway connection in the southwest, which then results in a total of 120 hectares of parkland .

history

The brewery era

The Ny Carlsberg site around 1890

JC Jacobsen, portrait in the Pompeijanske haven by August Jerndorff from 1886

Dismantling and removal of the brewery equipment, 2007 in Carlsberg

Old reception hall of the Carlsberg brewery.

The Carlsberg Brewery after its closure in 2007

View of the Dipylon with the frieze

The elephant tower

The hanging gardens of Carlsberg below the academy garden.

→ Main article : Carlsberg (brewery)

After receiving a royal license in 1847, the then young Copenhagen brewer JC Jacobsen (1811 to 1887) founded the Carlsberg Brewery. Jacobsen started looking for a more suitable plot of land in the Copenhagen area with a better water supply and more space for his brewery. He finally decided on an open space on a hill in Valby at the gates of the Danish capital. At the new location he founded a large brewery and named it after his son Carl Jacobsen (1842-1914) and the location on the Valbyer Hügel, as a mountain, today's Carlsberg. Planning and construction of the new brewery began in January 1847, and the first batch of Carlsberger beer was delivered on November 10, 1847.

The main building of the Carlsberg Main Building, known today as the Carlsberg Academy , was opened in 1853. In 1857 the brewery was ravaged by fire, but the buildings were rebuilt that same year.

In 1870 the brewery was expanded by JC Jacobsen's son Carl Jacobsen, after disagreements with his father, to include new brewery buildings on a newly leased site.

In 1876 JC Jacobsen founded the Carlsberg Foundation and the Carlsberg Laboratory, which is now part of the Carlsberg Research Center . In 1880 JC Jacobsen ended the cooperation and the lease with his son and Carl Jacobsen founded his own brewery on a neighboring site. The area around the new brewery was named Ny Carlsberg (Neu Carlsberg), while the old area was named Gammel Carlsberg (German: Alt-Carlsberg) from Carlsberg's father .

JC Jacobsen died in 1887, leaving behind the Carlsberg Foundation and his brewery. After the death of his father, Carl merged the Gamle and Ny (old and new) Carlsberg companies to form the joint company Carlsberg Breweries . Over the next few decades, the Carlsberg brewery was continuously expanded with additional new buildings. The Dipylon building was added in 1892, the Carlsberg laboratory building in 1887 and the unmistakable Elephant Gate and the Ny-Carlsberg Brewery in 1901.

In 1902, Carl Jacobsen established the Ny Carlsberg Foundation as a subsidiary of the Carlsberg Foundation and the two Carlsbergs thus had the same owner - the Carlsberg Foundation. The breweries built a joint brewhouse in 1903, and from 1906 both operated under the same name, Carlsberg Breweries. Carl Jacobsen kept both the breweries and the foundation under his own possession until his death in 1914.

Later buildings were the brewery's boiler house from 1827 and the "hanging gardens".

Closure and renovation

In July 2006 Carlsberg decided to close its brewery in Valby and to concentrate on the brewery production activities in his other Danish brewery in Fredericia. Only the head office and the small house and specialty brewery Jacobsen ( Husbryggeriet Jacobsen ) were to remain at the historic headquarters in Valby.

Instead, the former plots were rebuilt by the owners of Carlsberg, after successful construction at the Tuborg brewery site in Hellerup in a new district called Tuborg Havn . Towards the end of 2006 there was an international architecture competition in which, in May 2007, the small architectural firm Entasis emerged as the winner from among 220 competitors. How did the brewery in Valby end its beer production at the end of 2008. In February 2009 the plan for the expansion of the district was approved by the city administration.

Historic Buildings

Portal on the dipylon frieze and the plaques with «De gyldne ord»

There are a total of four Carlsberg elephants at the elephant gate. The company founder had it built for his four surviving children. More of his children had died. The elephant gate and elephants were built in 1880. The Indian swastika on the elephant does not represent a swastika and has no relation to National Socialism.

In addition to the buildings that are directly related to beer brewing, the Carlsberg district consists of many historical buildings that contribute to its history as an important industrial area. These include stables, a lighthouse , private residences, and garden pavilions . In 2008, 13 building complexes and a historical garden were listed.

Elephant Bridge & Tower

The Carlsberg by lighthouse was designed by Bönecke and built in 1883. The tower stands on a granite foundation and has a glass lantern on top. The lighthouse was one of the first lighthouses in Copenhagen to be converted to electric light.

The Carlsberg Laboratory and in the foreground a statue of JC Jacobsen.

The Carlsberger Museum

The Elephant Portal & Tower (Danish: Elefantporten & -tårnet) were designed by Vilhelm Dahlerup and built in 1901. The tower is the most famous landmark of the Carlsberg district and takes its name from the four granite elephants that flank the gate and are located on the back of the tower. This was inspired by Bernini's elephant and the obelisk in Piazza della Minerva in Rome .

The tower has a floor area of ​​only 115 m² and was covered with red decorated tiles. Originally it served as a water tower and hop silo.

Double gate

The Dipylon or double gate (Danish: Diptylon or Dobbeltporten) was planned by Vilhelm Dahlerup and built in 1892. Dipylon means 'double gate' in Greek . The Diplyontor is a double arched entrance gate that marks the entrance from the Vesterbro building to Ny Carlsberg. The building serves both as a malt chamber and as a clock tower. The clock was artistically designed by Stephan Sinding at the time and still works today. The arches are clad in granite. Above this is a diagonal pattern in glazed and red ceramic tiles. On one side of the building, a frieze shows nine people on decorative tiles. The people shown include Carl Jacobsen, his wife Ottilia, his son and the heir Alt as well as some important employees.

Brewery

The brewery (Danish: Bryghuset) was built in 1901 as Ny Carlsberg's new brewery, replacing the smaller, still-preserved one across the street. The facade with its balcony was inspired by Palazzo Bavilaque from Verona , Italy . The roof shows Carl Johan Bonnesen's group of sculptures in bronze plaster ' Thor in the fight with the Jötunns '. The series of figures was originally a competition proposal from the competition to build a fountain on the Langelinie promenade. Later, what is now the Gefion fountain, was created in 1908 by Anders Bundgaard .

Carl Jacobsen House

Carl's Villa was the private residence of Carl Jacobsen and his family. The building was designed by Hack Kampmann and built from 1882 to 1893. It was built with red stones on a granite foundation and clad with glazed ceramic tiles that are glazed in detail. The entrance portal is provided with large granite columns. Both inside and outside the house has extensive ornamentation.

Carlsberg Museum

→ Main article : Carlsberg (brewery)

The Carlsberg Museum was built in conjunction with Carl's Villa and was used as the location for the Ny Carlsberg Glyptotek . It started after the villa was expanded in 1882, when there were more sculptures than plants in it for the first time. In the same year, the collection was opened to the public. In the following years the museum expanded several times until there were 19 galleries in total in 1885. Vilhem Dahlerup designed the first 14 galleries, while Hack Kampmann designed the last 4 when he was also rebuilding the winter garden. When the collections were moved to what is now Ny Carlsberg Glyptotek, the building was used for various other purposes until it was converted into a brewery museum in 1915. The building is designed in red tiles. Particularly worth seeing is the impressive gallery, the Kaiserinnengalerie, which consists of a rotunda of four Ionic interior pillars with an apse. In the other galleries, different variations of ornaments can be seen on the corridors, walls and on the high stucco ceilings.

Carlsberg Academy

The Carlsberg Academy is the former private residence of JC Jacobsen. After his death it became a residence for deserving men and women and a residence in the fields of science , literature or the arts , before being converted into the Carlsberg Academy in 1995. The building was designed by JC Jacobsen and constructed by NS Nebelong from 1853 to 1854 and a winter garden was added in 1858. In 1876 the Conservatory of Music was added as a Pompeii winter garden in the hypostyle and a portico designed by J. P Jacobsen and architect PC Bønecke. The house is built in the style of a classic Italian villa and has been decorated with numerous works of art by Bertel Thorvaldsen . These include "The Alexander Frieze", which is located under the barrel vault of the two-story dining room, six reliefs on the walls and a statue of Hebe from Greek mythology.

Carlsberg Laboratory

The Carlsberg Laboratory was designed by the architect FC Thomsen and built from 1893 to 1896 in the Italian Renaissance style . In front of the building is a sculpture of JC Jacobsen, the founder of the brewery, who died in 1876 before the complex was built.

lighthouse

The "Kalkturm" (Danish "Kridttårnet") is a lighthouse built in 1883. The name is chosen because of the limestone, which is the main building material for the tower and comes from the Faxe limestone quarries in southern Copenhagen. The tower stands on a granite foundation and ends with a glass lantern. The lighthouse is equipped with electric light which was introduced a year before the creation of the old Carlsberg site.

Coiled chimney

Carl Jacobsen wanted to show that an industrial chimney can also look beautiful in his area. He commissioned the architect Vilhelm Dahlerup and the builder PS Beckmann to design a corresponding industrial chimney. Its 56 m high spiral chimney is decorated with motifs of Egyptian lotus flowers and the plinth is a replica of a chimeric gargoyle from the Notre Dame of Paris . From there you have a good view of the city of Copenhagen.

Historic gardens

There are two historic gardens in the Carlsberg district, all of which date from the early years of the brewery's establishment.

Carlsberg Academy Garden

The Carlsberg Academy Garden is a private garden by J. C, Jacobsen in the English landscape garden style and was established in 1848. It is surrounded by trees and hedges and has winding paths, meadows and a pond. It is made of earth from the brewery construction and has an extensive system of cellars. The garden features many rare trees and plants, some of which J. C Jacobsen had brought home from his travels.

Ny Carlsberg

The New Carlsberg Garden is the former private garden of Carl Jacobsen and was created in connection with his villa, Carl's Villa . The garden was created in a more stringent style than the academy garden itself, and contains many replicas of ancient sculptures. In the middle of the garden is a neo-Gothic Venetian marble column in the garden pavilion, which completes the garden complex and can be seen from the villa. In the garden is the ice house, a building that used to be used to store natural ice. It is a small, round building built in limestone. It has a wooden entrance portal and lattice glass windows, a thatched roof and has some decorations on the pointed bell that penetrates through the roof.

Carlsberg today

The production of beer on the site ended in late 2008. The area where the beer was brewed has been converted into a new Copenhagen neighborhood. The mineral water factory (also known as E Tap) is now a 9000 m² venue for modern dance and is called "Dansehallerne". The former Ny Tap bottling plant is now used as Tap 1 as a venue for various commercial and cultural events such as conferences, book and art fairs, concerts and parties. It has a capacity of up to 6000 people. The lighthouse now serves as an artist's studio and residence.

Future development

Entasis' main plan for the area draws more inspiration from the classic, dense medieval inner city than from conventional modern developments. It is characterized by short, narrow streets and alleys, unpredictability, lots of big and small squares. Nine narrow skyscrapers with heights between 50 and 120 meters are in the area as important urban spaces. A total of 800,000 m² have been built, 45% of which are apartments, 45% shops and offices and 10% sports and cultural facilities. The plan includes:

• Concentration on the two-sided use of the buildings with shops, cafés and other public facilities on the same level as well as for apartments and offices on the upper floors, where more light enters.
• There is a 24/7 activity with vibrant and diverse urban life focused around the squares, parks and other public spaces. The concept of shared space plays a central role in the plan.
• Underground : Carlsberg's extensive, several-kilometer network of underground passages and cellars play a central role in the plan. Some are intended to be opened to create diverse, complex and idiosyncratic spaces, others are intended for non-public purposes.
• Green areas: The area already has a large number of larger older trees. These should be preserved as far as possible. Some areas in Carlsberg are characterized by house facades or streets, where attempts are also made to make room for tree bursts. The two historic gardens in the area will be opened as parks and will be supplemented with three more new facilities.
• The area is designed for sustainability and should be climate-friendly and should accommodate a range of climate technologies.

owner

The development company for the Carlsberg area is Carlsberg Byen P / S , which is responsible for the development of the 25 hectare site and the company owns the largest areas within the area. The rest of the 33-hectare area is still owned by Carlsberg A / S . The development company is supported by five investors; Realdania , C arlsberg, PFA Pension , PenSam and TopDanmark .

Cultural references

• On February 16, 1868, Hans Christian Andersen was having dinner in the JC Jacobsen House (in what is now the Carlsberg Academy) and wrote in his diary: "It's like a wealthy house abroad [...] there are machines, there there is something to eat, gas in the stoves and wax candles for lighting ".

literature

• Allan de Waal, Jørgen Hegner Christiansen and others: The Architecture of Carlsberg / Arkitekturen på Carlsberg. Arkitektens Forlag, 2008 (text in English and Danish and photographs by Jens Lindhe)

See also

• Carlsberg brewery
• Ny Carlsberg Glyptotek

Web links

Commons : Carlsberg  - album with pictures, videos and audio files

• Carlsberg Vores By website on voresby.com
• The Carlsberg plan on phx.dk from Copenhagen X
• History of Carlsberg on humlenvedcarlsberg.dk HUMLEN VED CARLSBERG (Danish)
• Dansehallerne on dansehallerne.dk
• Carlsberg buildings and donations on carlsberggroup.com (English)

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Carlsberg: Sky-High Ambitions ( Danish ) Copenhagen X. Archived from the original on December 8, 2009. Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved November 6, 2009. 
2. ↑ Future projects master planning winner. Our city - our urban spaces by Entasis ( English ) World Architecture Festival. Archived from the original on November 7, 2009. Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved November 19, 2009. 
3. ^ Carlsbergs historie i Valby ( Danish ) Carlsberg Vores By. Archived from the original on July 19, 2011. Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved November 7, 2009. 
4. ^ Carlsbergs historie i Valby ( Danish ) Carlsberg Vores By. Archived from the original on July 19, 2011. Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved November 7, 2009. 
5. ^ Carlsbergs historie i Valby ( Danish ) Carlsberg Vores By. Archived from the original on July 19, 2011. Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved November 7, 2009. 
6. ^ Carlsbergs historie i Valby ( Danish ) Carlsberg Vores By. Archived from the original on July 19, 2011. Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved November 7, 2009. 
7. ^ Proces ( Danish ) Carlsberg Vores By. Archived from the original on March 27, 2010. Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved November 7, 2009. 
8. ↑ Fremtidens by udvikles på Carlsberg ( Danish ) Carlsberg Vores By. Archived from the original on July 19, 2011. Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved November 6, 2009. 
9. ↑ Carlsbergbygninger Fredet ( Danish ) Danish Agency for Culture. Retrieved April 23, 2009.
10. ↑ Visit Carlsberg
11. ↑ En tidslomme på Carlsberg ( Danish ) Carlsberg Vores By. Archived from the original on May 18, 2008. Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved April 26, 2009. 
12. ^ Premiere på Store Carl ( Danish ) Carlsberg Vores By. Archived from the original on May 5, 2009. Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved April 26, 2009. 
13. ↑ Københavnernes nye oplevelsessted ( Danish ) Carlsberg Vores By. Archived from the original on April 7, 2009. Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved April 26, 2009. 
14. ↑ Nyt liv i gammelt tårn ( Danish ) Lokalavisen Valby. Retrieved April 26, 2009.
15. ↑ Carlsberg: Sky-High Ambitions ( Danish ) Copenhagen X. Archived from the original on December 8, 2009. Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved November 6, 2009. 
16. ↑ Fremtidens by udvikles på Carlsberg ( Danish ) Carlsberg Vores By. Archived from the original on July 19, 2011. Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved November 6, 2009. 
17. ↑ Carlsberg: Sky-High Ambitions ( Danish ) Copenhagen X. Archived from the original on December 8, 2009. Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved November 6, 2009. 
18. ^ Timetable - 1868 ( Danish ) Hans Christian Center. Retrieved January 6, 2010.
19. ↑ Bryggeren sørgede for overdådig arkitektur i Valby ( Danish ) policies. Retrieved April 26, 2009.