Cautleya
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| ( Royle ex Benth. ) Hook.f. |
The plant genus Cautleya belongs to the ginger family (Zingiberaceae) and contains only two species. It is widespread in Asia .
description
Habit and leaves
Cautleya species grow as seasonal green, perennial herbaceous plants . They form very short rhizomes . The roots are fleshy and relatively thick. They usually grow epiphytically , if they grow terrestrially then mostly in steep, rocky locations. False stems are formed from the leaf sheaths of the leaves that reach heights of 20 to 100 centimeters; they break off from the rhizome before winter.
The alternate leaves have a tubular leaf sheath, a ( Cautleya spicata ) or no petiole and a leaf blade. The simple, herbaceous, parallel-veined leaf blades are mostly elliptical, oblong or lanceolate. The underside of the leaf is sometimes dark purple. The leaf margin is smooth. The ligules at the base of the leaves are bilobed.
Inflorescences and flowers
The terminal formed on the bill stems ährigen inflorescences contain from two to many flowers. Above a green ( Cautleya gracilis ) or red ( Cautleya spicata ), durable bract , which is open to the base, there is a blossom that is initially protected by it. There are no cover sheets.
The hermaphrodite, yellow to orange-colored flowers are threefold and zygomorphic with a double flower envelope . The color of the sepals ranges from light green to dark red. The corolla tube is at least as long as the calyx tube. The three sepals are fused into a relatively long tube that is open on one side and bilobed on top. The three petals are fused into a long tube with three only almost identical corolla lobes. The middle, upright corolla lobes are boat-shaped and bent back, and the lateral corolla lobes are narrow with a pointed upper end. The lateral corolla lobes are fused with each other and with the base of the labellum for about half their length . Of the original six stamens , only the middle stamen of the inner circle is fertile . Its upright, relatively short stamen , which is L-shaped when viewed from the side, has two orange-colored spurs at the base. His dust bag has a forked appendage and the two counters open with a longitudinal slit. All other stamens are transformed into staminodes . The middle staminodium of the outer circle is always missing. The two lateral staminodes of the outer circle are corolla-like, inverted-lanceolate and upright, and form a helmet over the single fertile anthers. The two lateral staminodes of the inner circle have grown together to form a labellum. The broad, wedge-shaped, bent-back labellum is deeply bilobed at the end, with the wide labellum lobes being clearly edged to dentate. The Labellum together with the lateral Kronlappen represent the most conspicuous part of the flower. Three carpels are a spherical, under constant, dreikammerigen (syncarp) ovary grown. In each ovary chamber there are many ovules in central angled placentation. The linear stylus ends in a top-shaped, white scar with a ciliate border.
Fruits and seeds
The calyx is still present on the fruit. The triple, spherical capsule fruits open early from above towards the base and the three flaps bend back. The seeds are exposed on a column mass. The angular, black seeds only have a small, white aril in Cautleya spicata .
Chromosome number
Basic chromosome numbers of x = 12 and x = 13 are given for the Cautleya species . Unfortunately, there is no information on which species and varieties were examined for this information. For Cautleya gracilis it was found that there are two breeds with basic chromosome numbers of x = 12 and x = 13. For Cautleya spicata , chromosome numbers of 2n = 34, 27, 36 were found. New studies with different populations of species and varieties are required.
Systematics and distribution
The Cautleya is widespread from northern India , Nepal , Bhutan , Myanmar , Thailand through the southern People's Republic of China to Vietnam .
It was first published in 1883 as Roscoea sect. Cautlea by John Forbes Royle in George Bentham & Joseph Dalton Hooker : Genera Plantarum , 3, p. 641, note the spelling Cautlea used there, i.e. as a section within the genus Roscoea . It received the rank of genus Cautleya in 1888 by Joseph Dalton Hooker in Botanical Magazine , 114, plate 6991. The lectotype was Cautleya gracilis (Sm.) Dandy in 1972 by BL Burtt & RM Smith in Burtt in Key species in the taxonomic history of Zingiberaceae in Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh , 31, set p. 218. With the botanical genus name Cautlea / Cautleya Royle honored his friend Captain Proby Thomas Cautley FGS of the Bengali Artillery (1802-1871), an Englishman who worked as an engineer on the eastern Yamuna Canal and as a paleontologist . The genus Cautleya belongs to the tribe Zingibereae in the subfamily Zingiberoideae in the family Zingiberaceae .
There are only two species of Cautleya :
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Cautleya gracilis (Sm.) Dandy : With two varieties:
- Cautleya gracilis (Sm.) Dandy var. Gracilis (Syn .: cautleya lutea (Royle) Hook.f. , Roscoea gracilis Sm. , Roscoea lutea Royle ): It grows at altitudes from 1,060 to 3,940 meters in India, Bhutan, Nepal, Myanmar, Thailand, China and Vietnam.
- Cautleya gracilis var. Robusta (K.Schum.) Sanjappa (Syn .: Cautleya robusta Baker ): It thrives at altitudes between 1520 and 3940 meters in China, Nepal, Bhutan and India.
- Cautleya spicata (Sm.) Baker (Syn .: Roscoea spicata Sm. ): It thrives at altitudes between 1210 and 3640 meters in India, Nepal, Bhutan, Myanmar and China.
use
Both species are used as ornamental plants .
The pulp of the stem axis of Cautleya spicata is eaten as a vegetable. The sap obtained from the rhizomes is used to treat stomach problems.
swell
- G. Auvray & MF Newman: A revision of Cautleya (Zingiberaceae) , In: Edinburgh Journal of Botany , Volume 67, Issue 3, 2010, pp. 451-465. ISSN 0960-4286 doi : 10.1017 / S0960428610000193 (section description, distribution and systematics)
- Delin Wu & Kai Larsen: Zingiberaceae in the Flora of China , Volume 24, p. 366: Cautleya - Online.
- Cautleya within the Zingiberaceae at the Smithsonian Institution's National Museum of Natural History (NMNH) .
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Delin Wu & Kai Larsen: Zingiberaceae in the Flora of China , Volume 24, p. 366: Cautleya - Online.
- ↑ First publication scanned at biodiversitylibrary.org .
- ↑ Botanical Magazine scanned in at biodiversitylibrary.org in 1888 .
- ^ Cautleya at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
- ^ Cautleya in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.
- ^ Cautleya spicata - entry in Plants for a Future .