Cedarmere-Clayton Estates
Coordinates: 40 ° 48 ′ 40 " N , 73 ° 38 ′ 45" W.
Cedarmere-Clayton Estates is a two-residence historic district in Roslyn Harbor , New York , United States that was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1986 . Cedarmere, the smaller of the two properties, owned by William Cullen Bryant and is on the west side of Bryant Avenue above Hempstead Harbor; Today it houses a historical house open to the public. Clayton, the larger residence, is now home to the Nassau County Museum of Art . Both properties, which were designed and remodeled by several well-known architects, illustrate the development of the residences on the north shore of Long Island over a period of almost a century.
Bryant originally owned almost all of the land on which the two houses stand. Fifteen years after Bryant's death, in 1893, Lloyd Bryce bought the largely undeveloped rear of the property and commissioned Ogden Codman, Jr. to build a manor on it. In 1914, Henry Clay Frick bought the property for his son Childs , who after renovation and expansion lived there with his family until his death in 1965. Four years later, it was given to the county for use as a museum.
location
Cedarmere
Cedarmere is behind a high stone wall on four acres on Bryant Avenue with two small ponds and landscaped gardens that Frederick Law Olmsted created. The main house consists of a three- bay, two-and-a-half-story main wing and two side wings. The eastern of the two wings has two floors and the northern, smaller one has only one floor. They are each covered with a gambrel roof made of slate , the dormer windows have gable roofs . The windows vary along the facade. The facade of the house is plastered, with the exception of the stone masonry that forms the foundation of the house. A glass and green metal conservatory protrudes from the front. A veranda surrounds the house on all other sides with the exception of the north side.
An entrance pavilion juts out onto the veranda on the south side, from which one has a view over the larger pond with the stone bridge. The roof of the pavilion forms a balcony with a railing. The portal is strongly with classical elements ornamented and pilasters , sidelights , cornice and a fighter window of leaded glass surrounded.
On the other side of the pond is a neo-Gothic building known as a mill, although it never saw such use. It serves purely decorative purposes and is used as a storage room. The ground floor is made of bricks , the floor above has a floor-and-cover shuttering made of wood. The cross-gable roof is covered with slate and decorated with verges . It is surmounted by a brick chimney. The windows have arches of various shapes and other decorative elements.
Other outbuildings include a small greenhouse on the south side of the garden and two newer garages , some distance north of the house. The latter are the only structures on the property that are not considered contributing .
Clayton
The lot on which Clayton is located is across from Bryant Avenue, but the main access is from Northern Boulevard ( New York State Route 25A ). After passing a neo-classical porter's building with a gable roof made of brick, the route to the present museum leads through part of the 165 acre landscaped garden that forms the center of Roslyn Harbor. The main house sits on a hill and is surrounded by plantations and a modern parking lot. The building is built in the Georgian style of bricks and stones. On the copper gable roof are dormer windows that themselves have a gable roof. The eaves run along a cornice with mutuli that sits above the main stone framework.
The main wing has two floors with a gable floor and spans nine bays. At both ends there are symmetrical pavilions with two bays, which are emphasized by corner stones . At the front there is an open veranda with Ionic columns and a flat roof, main beams and balustrade over five bays of the house . The main entrance is a double door with a semicircular fighter . On the east facade, a series of French doors with round arches allow access to the garden; upstairs there is a balcony with a balustrade. Two one-story arcade wings lead away from it. The interior of the residence has largely original woodwork and stucco work.
Close to the main house is a garden created by the landscape architect Marian Cruger Coffin with symmetrical plantings that are grouped around a centrally located fountain . The remains of a private zoo - above all an old animal enclosure - are available. A narrow street leads to Jerusha Dewey Cottage, which Bryant originally had built for a friend of his and which was later used as a guest house after renovation by the Fricks. It is therefore partly made of bricks and partly has a wooden facade with floor and cover formwork. The roof is slated and the windows are of different styles.
As in the case of Cedarmere, two modern buildings were erected here to facilitate the current use of the property as an art museum and sculpture garden . These two are the only ones of the structures on the site that are not considered contributing.
history
The property that eventually became Cedarmere had been in use since the early days of colonists' colonization in Long Island in the 17th century. The earliest known today building on the property was in 1787 by the working as a farmer Quakers built Richard Kirk. Bryant bought a small house in 1843 that had been built by a Joseph Moulton to give himself a retreat from his work as editor of the New York Evening Post , where he could enjoy the outdoors and write poetry. He enlarged the property and also expanded his house into the current structure in the 1850s and 1860s. He followed the then popular principles of Andrew Jackson Downing and Calvert Vaux ; he probably designed the mill. They stood up for small neo-Gothic cottages that were designed in the mood of the Picturesque and were in harmony with their surroundings. In Cedarmere, as he later named the property, he received not only Vaux and his occasional collaborator Frederick Law Olmsted , but also other well-known personalities from the cultural life of the time, such as the painter Thomas Cole , the writer James Fenimore Cooper and the actor Edwin Booth .
He sold the property to his daughter Julia in 1875, but retained the right to live for life and lived in the house until his death in 1878. Julia sold it in 1891 to her nephew Harold Godwin, who sold the undeveloped portion of the property to former Congressman and heir to an industrial estate, Lloyd Bryce . She built the house later called Clayton. The upper floors of Cedarmere were significantly damaged by fire in 1903. Bryce hired young architect Ogden Codman , who designed a number of homes on the coast in the northeastern United States , to design the main house and began designing the gardens in the northwest corner of the property.
In 1919, Henry Clay Frick , co-founder of the US Steel Corporation , bought the William Cullen Bryant House in Roslyn as a gift for his son Childs. Childs Frick and his wife Frances Dixon Frick commissioned the architect Sir Charles Allom to remodel the house for their needs. They named the property Clayton , as Childs' childhood home in Pittsburgh was called. Codman's design remained largely unchanged; Allom's main changes were the replacement of the original loggia at the entrance with the veranda and the creation of a large entrance hall inside, with which the Fricks wanted to create the impression of an English country house. This was the intention among wealthy Americans of the 1920s. Guy Lowell also designed the gatehouse, and the main garden was built a decade later. Frances and Childs Frick lived in their Clayton home with their children Adelaide, Frances, Martha and Clay for almost 50 years. Childs died here in 1965 at the age of 81.
Four years after Frick's death, the heirs sold the property to Nassau County in 1969 for use as an art museum. In 1989, the county government transferred control of the property to a private foundation. The Godwin family lived in Cedarmere until they donated it to the county for use as a museum in 1975.
Cedarmere and Clayton in the present
Both houses and the land on which they stand are open to the public. The property on which Cedarmere stands can be visited free of charge, the house itself is open by appointment and on weekends. Clayton visitors must pay entrance fees and a parking fee; the museum is open all year round except on public holidays and Mondays.
supporting documents
- ↑ a b c d e f g Austin O'Brien: National Register of Historic Places nomination, Cedarmere-Clayton Estates ( English ) New York State Office of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation . July 1986. Archived from the original on March 4, 2012. Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved February 11, 2011.
- ↑ This information comes from the NRHP Nomination Form (p. 2). The museum's website states an area of just 145 acres.
- ^ Marian Coffin, a female landscaping pioneer
- ↑ a b c Cedarmere . Nassau County . Archived from the original on May 16, 2008. Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved February 22, 2011.
- ^ Ogden Codman architectural drawings and papers in the Archival Collection of Columbia University Libraries
- ^ Charles Carrick Allom was born on June 16, 1865 Biography in Tatham Family History
- ↑ History of NCMA ( English ) Nassau County Museum of Art. Archived from the original on July 6, 2008. Information: The archive link was automatically inserted and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved February 11, 2011.
- ↑ Visitor information ( English ) Nassau County Museum of Art. Archived from the original on July 6, 2008. Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved February 11, 2011.
