Centro Habana
| Centro Habana | |
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Coordinates: 23 ° 8 ′ N , 82 ° 23 ′ W
Location of Centro Habana
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 Municipios of Havana, Centro Habana as number 6
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| Basic data | |
| Country |
 Cuba
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| province | Havana |
| Residents | 140,234 (2012) |
| Detailed data | |
| surface | 3.42 |
| Population density | 41,004.1 inhabitants / km 2 |
| height | 30 m |
| Waters | Florida Street |
| Post Code | 10200 |
| prefix | + 53-07 |
| Time zone | UTC -5 |
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Centro Habana ( Spanish for Havana-Mitte ) is a district with the rank of a municipality in the Cuban province and capital Havana . It is located in the central north of the capital.
Geographical location and political structure
Centro Habana is bordered to the north by Florida Street , to the south by the Cerro district , to the west by Plaza de la Revolución and to the east by Havana's old town, Habana Vieja . The name Centro is not just an indicator of its location in the middle of the city. The city district also provides a link between the historic old town of Habana Vieja and the modern, as represented by the Vedado belonging to the Plaza . Together with Habana Vieja, Centro forms the traditional center of Havana. It has an area of 3.5 km², which corresponds to only around one percent of the total area of the province of Havana. There is no agricultural land in an urban environment.
Centro Habana is divided into the five smaller administrative units Consejos populares : Cayo Hueso , Dragones , Los Sitios , Colón and Pueblo Nuevo .
Demographics
Centro Habana has 140,234 inhabitants on 3.42 square kilometers, which corresponds to a population density of around 41,004 inhabitants per square kilometer (2012 census). This district is the most densely populated in Havana.
history
As far as is known, there were the first settlements in this area with the beginning of colonization , together with the establishment of the Villa de San Cristóbal de La Habana , from which Havana grew. In addition, before this settlement was founded at the beginning of the 16th century, there were probably smaller groups of native American Indians in this area .
The expansion in the area around the Villa de San Cristóbal de la Habana in the form of rural and urban fincas began in the mid to late 18th century with the rule of the British and the resulting economic liberalization on the island of Cuba. This caused some parts of the city that were still within the city walls to spread out along a paved road over the Puerta de Reina (Queen's Gate) from the city wall to Belascoaín (another street in Havana). With the new ability of local industry to produce and also export plantings, the population was able to build better and more permanent homes that reflected different social rankings. The poorer population began to settle south of the previous city fortifications in today's Barrios Guadalupe and Jesús María . In addition, the roads to the fertile land outside Havana were populated: Calzada de Monte (since around 1960 10 de octubre - Street of October 10 ), in a south-westerly direction, which later becomes the Calzada de at the height of Tejas (Texas) Jesús del Monte (since around 1960 10 de octubre ) and splits in a westerly direction into the Calzada del Cerro . The latter formed a connection to the province of Pinar del Río via the Calzada de Puentes Grandes with the Calzada Real de Marianao via the famous tobacco growing area Vuelta Abajo , followed by many small villages that could be reached by day ride on horseback and a better development and connection between the tobacco growing areas and allowed the factories in Havana.
The first barrios outside the city fortifications at the end of the 18th century include Peñalver , S an Nicolás , Chávez , La Punta , Monserrate and Dragones . In 1818 a standardization of the urban development took place, which prescribed a straight line and right-angled crossing of the streets. These changes were not only concentrated in larger structures, but in a plan to build main and secondary streets and an ambitious program to increase value between 1827 and 1840. This mainly affected Paseo de Isabel II (later known as Paseo del Prado and even later than Paseo de Martí ), the Paseo de Tacón (later Carlos III , now Avenida Salvador Allende ). The Tancón extended in a large west-east axis to the Reina , which would allow the troops stationed in the Castillo del Príncipe a quick march through in the event of unrest in the capital.
In addition, numerous representative opportunities for walks and parades were created. The streets were also paved and theaters, hotels, cafes and shops built. The center of Havana shifted from the port to the zone outside the city walls, which includes the Paseo del Prado , Parque Central and Parque de la Fraternidad . The city walls had become militarily obsolete. It was demolished from 1863 as it was an obstacle to the expansion of the city and the intensification of traffic.
At the end of the 19th century, Chinese immigrants settled in the area around Calle Zanja and Calle de los Dragones (Street of the Dragons). From 1874 onwards, a wide variety of companies emerged, such as shops, inns and laundries. According to official sources, the majority of them came from Guangdong Province (Canton), where political and religious persecution was increasing at the time. In total, more than 150,000 Chinese settled in the Cuban archipelago. The Chinese community in Cuba developed at times into one of the most prosperous and important in America . Its members united in national, professional and business associations. Some of them still exist. While the Chinese and their descendants spread out across the Cuban archipelago, Havana's Chinatown had established itself as the first Chinese settlement in Cuba. With the victory of the revolution and the subsequent expropriations and nationalizations without compensation , the district increasingly deteriorated. The 250,000 or so Chinese who lived there up to this point were pushed out until only an insignificant remnant remained of the Barrio Chino. Despite the efforts of Havana's restorers to restore the barrio, its original inhabitants are missing.
With the administrative reform in 1976, the five old suburbs of Havana, Colón , Dragones , Cayo Hueso , Pueblo Nuevo and Los Sitios were united into one municipality .
economy
The economy of Centro Habana consists for the most part of trade, services, tourism , light industry , such as the production of textiles, hygiene articles, cigars, beverage concentrates as well as alcoholic and soft drinks. The cigar factories " José Martí ", " Carlos Baliño " and " Antonio Briones Montoto " are located in the municipality . It is also home to the national headquarters of the CTC Central Union, the Ministerio de la Industria Básica (Ministry of Basic Industry, MINBAS), the Cuban telecommunications company ETECSA , Radio Habana Cuba and Radio Progreso .
health
There are two larger hospitals in Centro Habana . One is the "Hermanos Ameijeiras", opened in 1982, where Cuba's first heart transplants were performed. Founded in 1920, the Hospital municipal (district hospital) " Freyre de Andrade ", known as "Emergencias". Also in this municipality are the Instituto de Higiene y Epidemiología (Institute for Hygiene and Epidemiology), the Instituto de Nutrición (Nutrition Institute ) and the Empresa de Productos Biológicos y Zoonosis (Company for biological products and zoonosis) " Carlos J. Finlay ". There are also five polyclinics , a dental clinic, a maternity home, five senior citizens' homes, a unit for hygiene and epidemiology, a pain clinic and a geriatric center. The Pedriático de Centro Habana Children's Hospital is one of the best in Havana.
education
The Centro Habana district is home to a total of 24 kindergartens , 26 elementary schools, seven secondary schools, six special schools, a school for fine arts , a polytechnic , a language center, a center for adult education and the Instituto Superior de Diseño ( Institute for Industrial Design , ISDi).
Culture
There are various cultural centers in the Municipio Centro Habana. These include
- the Escuela de Música (music school) " Amadeo Roldán ",
- the José Lezama Lima Museum , where the author of the novel "Paraiso" (Paradise) lived,
- the Casa de la Cultura (House of Cultures) " Joseíto Fernández ", where numerous programs to promote the arts in the community were created and where the Biblioteca Municipal is also located,
- the Sociedad Económica Amigos del País , one of the oldest institutions in Cuba and hostel of the Instituto de Literatura y Lingüística (Institute for Literature and Linguistics), which holds documents of great historical value.
There are three theaters in the municipality, the "América", the "Astral" and the "Teatro Musical" (musical theater). National and international talent regularly appeared in all three theaters.
Hispanic traditions are strongly maintained in the Hispanic communities. Chinese culture is also present. Its greatest expression is the Barrio Chino , where the culinary, artistic and martial traditions of this culture can be experienced.
Another place worth mentioning is Callejón de Hamel , an alley that shows the creativity of Cuban artists and where numerous cultural events take place in different locations.
The “Torneón de San Lázaro” medal is regularly awarded by the municipality's administration. It is intended for personalities who are committed to community life. The annual culture week, dedicated to the composer Gonzalo Roig , is celebrated in July.
Town twinning
Centro Habana maintains partnerships with the following foreign cities
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Cunit , Catalonia , Spain
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L'Hospitalet de Llobregat , Catalonia, Spain
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Paiporta , Comunidad Valenciana , Spain
Web links
- Mi Habana - Centro Habana (Spanish)
- Website of the House of Cultures of the Municipios Centro Habana (Spanish)
