Shari
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Shari Chari |
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 Catchment area of the Shari |
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| Data | ||
| location |
 Central African Republic of Cameroon Chad 
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| River system | Shari | |
| Headwaters | Central African Republic | |
| muzzle |
Lake Chad (no drain) Coordinates: 12 ° 54 ′ 34 " N , 14 ° 33 ′ 54" E 12 ° 54 ′ 34 " N , 14 ° 33 ′ 54" E |
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| Mouth height |
283 m
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| length | 1400 km | |
| Catchment area | 603,275 km² | |
| Discharge at gauge N'Djamena - Fort Lamy (1537100) A Eo : 600,000 km² Location: 100 km above the mouth |
NNQ (min. Month Ø) MNQ 1933–1991 MQ 1933–1991 Mq 1933–1991 MHQ 1933–1991 HHQ (max. Month Ø) |
8 m³ / s 149 m³ / s 1059 m³ / s 1.8 l / (s km²) 2953 m³ / s 4846 m³ / s |
| Left tributaries | Ouham , Logone | |
| Right tributaries | Salamat ; Bahr Aouk ; Bahr Keïta | |
| Big cities | N'Djamena , Sarh | |
 View of the Shari |
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The Shari (in the French spelling Chari ) is the 1400 km long main tributary of the North African Lake Chad .
description
Its source rivers originate in part from the Darfur , the North Equatorial Sill and the Adamaua highlands . Its main tributaries are the Bahr Salamat / Bahr Azoum , Bahr Aouk , Bahr Sara , Logone and Ouham . Its catchment area of around 604,000 km² is also known as the Shari-Logone Basin, which fills most of the southern Chad Basin . In the catchment area of its tributaries, among others, the lie Iro Lake , the Mare de Tizi , Zakouma National Park , Andre Felix National Park , National Park Bamingui-Bangoran and the UNESCO World Heritage belonging Manovo-Gounda St. Floris National Park .
On their way through the southern Chad Basin, the Bahr Azoum and Salamat cross a plain that they flood extensively during the rainy season of the West African monsoons . This flood plain was declared under the title Plaines d'inondation des Bahr Aouk et Salamat on an area of 49,222 km² as a wetland of international importance and placed under the protection of the Ramsar Convention . It is the world's third largest protected area under the Ramsar Convention.
From the confluence of the Salamat, Azoum and Ouham near Sarh one actually speaks of the shari first, this then generally flows in a north-westerly direction. It then flows past the Manda National Park and at Miltou the Bahr Erguig branches off from the Schari. This crosses the important wetland in the Plaine de Massenya before it reunites with the Shari 400 km downstream.
At N'Djamena , the Shari joins its most important tributary, the 960 km long Logone. Then the river forms the border with Cameroon and flows a little further north into Lake Chad .
About 97 kilometers east of Shari-deltas, the Lake Chad in 285 m above sea level an overflow threshold where the thalweg of the wadi Bahr el-Ghazal begins, the as an overflow channel limits the maximum lake level and in a general north-northeast direction of the deepest valley in the Chad Basin, the Bodélé- Towards depression . When the Shari fills Lake Chad to the overflow level in years with high rainfall, the Bahr el-Ghazal is a continuation of the Shari. This last happened in 1962 and 1964 when the water penetrated 50 km into the Bahr el Ghazal.
The shari is important for the local fish processing industry, one of its most popular fish is the Nile perch .
Hydrology
The flow rate of the river was monitored for 58 years (1933–91). The location of the measurements was N'Djamena, the capital of Chad, not far upstream from the mouth of the Shari in Lake Chad. The mean annual discharge during this period was 1,059 m³ / s, fed by approx. 600,000 km².
The Shari is a very large river, but flows very irregularly like most rivers in the region. During the observation period of 58 years, a minimum flow rate of 8 m³ / s (almost completely dry) and a maximum flow rate of 4,846 m³ / s were registered.
Average monthly discharge of the Shari at the hydrological station of N'Djamena (in m³ / s) (1933–91)
additional
The river is mentioned in the text of the Cameroonian national anthem .
See also
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b GRDC - The Shari in N'Djamena
- ^ Rivers and Drainage in Chad
- ↑ Chad Designates Enormous Wetland Reserve (English)
- ^ The Annotated Ramsar List: Chad
- ^ Ramsar publication: Chad ( Memento of September 24, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Page 10 of the PDF file 173 kB