Charlotte Perriand

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Charlotte Perriand, 1991

Charlotte Perriand (born October 24, 1903 in Paris , † October 27, 1999 in Paris) was a French architect and furniture designer .

Beginnings

Perriand studied interior design from 1921 to 1925 at the Union Centrale des Arts Décoratifs in Paris , directed by Henri Rapin , under Rapin and Maurice Dufrène. After finishing her studies, she broke with the traditional arts and crafts and began to design furniture. Her work was first presented at the Société des Artistes Décorateurs .

Sensation caught her completely out of nickel-plated copper and anodized aluminum designed Bar sous le toit ( "Bar under the roof"), which she designed for her own studio and at the exhibition d'Automne Salon in 1927 could be seen. In the same year, at the age of 24, she began working for ten years on all furniture and interior design projects in the atelier of Le Corbusier and Pierre Jeanneret at 35 rue de Sèvres in Paris. Most of the furniture designs in the Le Corbusier studio This was the time that came from her, including the first tubular steel designs for furniture systems Équipement de l'habitation (1928–29), which were exhibited at the Salon d'Automne. Since the jury of the Société des Artistes Décorateurs did not provide them with enough exhibition space, Le Corbusier, Jeanneret and Perriand left the Societé and founded the Union des Artistes Moderne (UAM). In 1930 Perriand made the acquaintance of the painter Fernand Léger . In the following year she exhibited at UAM under her own name.

At the same time, Charlotte Perriand began to devote herself to photography. In March 1937 she left the Le Corbusier-Jeanneret studio, but also worked intensively on individual projects between the two of them, such as B. on the interior including the kitchen of the Unité d'Habitation in Marseille between 1947 and 1950. In 1940, together with Jean Prouvé and Georges Blanchon , she opened an architectural office for the design of prefabricated aluminum houses.

Political commitment

In 1931 Charlotte Perriand began to be politically active and joined the Communist Party-affiliated Association des Écrivains et Artistes Révolutionnaires (AEAR). Members also included André Gide and André Malraux . She traveled to Germany, the Soviet Union and Greece, where she took part in the 1933 congress of the CIAM architects ' association. In 1937 she was part of the preparatory group for the CIAM congress in Paris. In the same year, she and Fernand Léger designed the graphic presentation of the agricultural program of the French Popular Front government. In response to the Hitler-Stalin Pact , she left the French Communist Party in 1939.

Stay in Asia

In 1940 Charlotte Perriand traveled to Japan at the invitation of the Japanese Ministry of Trade and Industry . Her stay as a consultant in the arts and crafts sector has had a major impact on the development of Japanese design. Her assistant in Japan was the designer Sori Yanagi . But Perriand's designs also changed and took on influences from Japanese craftsmanship. She also used bamboo for her furniture, for example . She organized exhibitions and got commissions in Indochina , where she coordinated various activities for the training of craftsmen and worked as an architect from 1943 to 1946.

Return to Paris

In 1946 she returned to Paris and worked again with Le Corbusier, Pierre Jeanneret, Georges Blanchon and Jean Prouvé , in whose workshop in Nancy her furniture designs were realized. In addition to private clients and the sale of furniture through the Paris gallery Steph Simon (from 1956 to 1974), it was mainly projects for state institutions and companies such as Air France that commissioned furniture and facilities from her. In 1957 she designed the London office for Air France and the conference room for the United Nations in Geneva from 1959 to 1970 . Further designs were, for example, furniture for holiday homes in Méribel- les-Allues between 1946 and 1949 .

Many projects such as the establishment of 2,000 student apartments in Antony (Hauts-de-Seine) near Paris (with Jean Prouvé) also show her social commitment. At the end of the 1960s, she helped design hotels and apartments in the French Alps, known as Les Arcs . In the 1980s, Perriand briefly headed the International Competition for New Office Furniture jury , which was supported by the French Ministry of Culture.

effect

Today, their furniture is seen primarily as high-quality collection items. Since these are not products in the conventional sense that were manufactured by furniture manufacturers in large numbers, but rather small-series objects that were often intended for specific architectural projects, a market for Perriand furniture has developed. Tables and smaller shelves by Charlotte Perriand typically fetch at least five-figure sums at auctions. An organically curved work table achieved a record price of 703,400 euros at an auction by the Artcurial auction house in October 2017. In one of the few German-language publications about her notebooks from Le Corbusier and Pierre Jeanneret's time there is an essay Between Luxury and Asceticism , which outlines the range of Perriand's work: On the one hand, the LC furniture she helped create represents an expensive one contemporary furnishing style, but their intentions were aimed at improving the living conditions of broader classes. Your tubular steel furniture from the 20s and 30s is assigned to the international style .

Several exhibitions were devoted to the life and work of Charlotte Perriand, for example major retrospectives of her work in Japan (1955), Paris (1956, 1985) and London (1998). Many book publications document her work as one of the most important personalities of modern design.

In addition to furniture that Charlotte Perriand designed with Le Corbusier and Pierre Jeanneret, the Italian manufacturer Cassina has reissued a number of her furniture designs in recent years. Perriand supervised this re-edition as a consultant. Cassina also realized her project of a mountain hut made of aluminum and wood, which was not realized during her lifetime.


  • Siège pivotant (1927), pivoting seat, Musée des Arts décoratifs , Paris

  • LC2 armchair by Le Corbusier, Pierre Jeanneret and Charlotte Perriand (1928)

  • Chaise longue à position variable (B 306), lounger with variable position, 1928, with Pierre Jeanneret and Le Corbusier

Plant (selection)

architecture

Hotel in the winter sports resort Les Arcs
  • "Refuge Tonnau" (refuge hut for mountain hikers, with Pierre Jeanneret) 1938, first realized in 2012.
  • Own chalet in Méribel , France, 1960
  • Les Arcs , Bourg-Saint-Maurice, France, 1968–1978

Interior design

  • Redesign of the United Nations assembly rooms, Geneva 1957–1970
  • Air France, London office, 1957
  • Air France, Tokyo and Paris offices, Rue Scribe, 1959

Furniture

  • "Ospite", continuously extendable table with movable slats, 1927 (reissued in 2009)
  • "Basculant No. B 301 “(armchair with tiltable backrest, 1928/29 with Pierre Jeanneret and Le Corbusier)
  • "B 306 / Chaise longue à reglage continu" (Liege, 1928 with Pierre Jeanneret and Le Corbusier)
  • "Grand Confort No. LC2 "(club chair, 1928 with Pierre Jeanneret and Le Corbusier)
  • "Riflesso", shelving system with reflective metal sliding doors, 1939 (reissued in 1999)
  • "Tokyo", lounger made of bamboo, 1940 as a new interpretation of the tubular steel lounger LC 4 designed by Le Corbusier, Pierre Jeanneret and their in 1928, which was reissued in Milan in 2010 by Cassina SpA under the name LC4CP.
  • "Ombra", armchair, 1953 (reissued in 1999)
  • "Ombra", stackable chair 1954 (reissued in 2009)
  • "Nuage", Bibliothèque, Regal 1957 (reissued in 2012)
  • "Ventaglio", wooden table with parallel and radial triangular shapes, 1972 (reissued in 2004)

literature

  • Charlotte Perriand: Une Vie de Création. Paris 1998, ISBN 2-7381-0602-1 , (autobiography; French).
  • Britta Jürgs: Charlotte Perriand - About ball bearings, bamboo furniture and tubular steel loungers , in: Britta Jürgs (ed.), From salt shakers to automobile designers . Aviva Verlag, Berlin 2002, ISBN 3-932338-16-2 , pp. 87-98.
  • Arthur Rüegg (Ed.): Charlotte Perriand - Livre de Bord 1928–1933. Basel 2004, ISBN 3-7643-7039-4 , (German).
  • Jacques Barsac: Charlotte Perriand, Un art d'habiter 1903–1959. Paris 2005, ISBN 2-909283-87-9 .
  • Jacques Barsac, Sôri Yanagi: Charlotte Perriand et le Japon. Paris 2008, ISBN 978-2-915542-16-5 .
  • Irène Vogel Chevroulet: La création d'une japonité modern (1870–1940): Le regard des architectes européens sur le Japon: Josiah Conder, Robert Mallet-Stevens, Bruno Taut et Charlotte Perriand. Paris 2010, ISBN 978-613152722-7 .
  • Jacques Barsac: Charlotte Perriand and photography - A Wide-Angle Eye. 5 Continents, Milan 2011, ISBN 978-88-7439-548-4 .
  • Charlotte and Peter Fiell (eds.): Design des 20. Jahrhundert , Taschen, Köln 2012, ISBN 978-3-8365-4107-7 , pp. 411, 554-555.
  • Jacques Barsac: Charlotte Perriand. Complete Works. Volume 1: 1903-1940. Scheidegger & Spiess, Zurich 2014, ISBN 978-3-85881-746-4 .
  • Jacques Barsac: Charlotte Perriand: Complete Works. Volume 2: 1940–1955 , Scheidegger & Spiess, Zurich 2015, ISBN 978-3-85881-747-1 .
  • Laure Adler: Charlotte Perriand. Your life as a modern and independent woman. Elisabeth Sandmann Verlag, Munich 2020, ISBN 978-3-945543-78-8 .

Movie

  • The other Bauhaus - the designer Charlotte Perriand. (OT: Charlotte Perriand, pionnière de l'art de vivre. ) Documentary, France, 2019, 52:20 min., Script and director: Stéphane Ghez, production: arte France, Cinétévé, Fondation Louis Vuitton , first broadcast: October 13th 2019 at arte, table of contents by ARD , online video available until December 11, 2019.

Web links

Commons : Charlotte Perriand  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b I maestri. Charlotte Perriand. Parigi / Parigi, 1903/1999. In: Cassina , (English), accessed October 14, 2019.
  2. ↑ life data according to the engl. Edition of the autobiography Charlotte Perriand: A Life of Creation and after the detailed biography in: Charlotte Perriand and photography , pp. 348–354.
  3. ↑ see: Charlotte Perriand and photography , 2011, pp. 294–323.
  4. ↑ Brochure “La neige et l'architecte. Stations de sports d'hiver en Rhône-Alpes »: p. 6: Les Arcs, station intégrée. In: Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication , 2012, French, (PDF; 1 MB)
  5. ↑ Solange de Chabot: Les Arcs - Méribel avec Charlotte Perriand. In: maisonsprivees.fr , March 31, 2008.
  6. ^ Paris auction house. Artcurial reports total sales of 191.1 million euros for 2017. In: Monopol , January 12, 2018, last picture below: 10) Charlotte Perriand, Desk "en forme", 703,400 euros.
  7. ↑ AFP : Design: enchères record à Paris pour Charlotte Perriand. In: Le Figaro , October 25, 2017: “Une vente aux enchères de mobilier signé Charlotte Perriand, architecte et désigner iconique disparue en 1999, associée pendant plusieurs années de Le Corbusier, a totalisé à Paris, mardi soir, plus de trois millions d 'euros (avec frais), établissant plusieurs records, selon la maison de ventes Artcurial. " (“A furniture auction by Charlotte Perriand, architect and designer icon, who died in 1999 and was associated with Le Corbusier for several years, amounted to more than three million euros (with expenses) on Tuesday evening in Paris and set several records according to the auction house Artcurial . ")
  8. ↑ a b 2 pictures of the aluminum wooden hut in Rowan Moore: Charlotte Perriand: happiness by design. In: The Observer , October 13, 2019.
  9. ↑ MSC: Fauteuil à dossier basculant (B 301). ( Memento of August 5, 2012 in the Internet Archive ). In: Vitra Design Museum ; New page without description: B 301 / Fauteuil à dossier basculant (prototype) , (German), accessed on October 14, 2019.
  10. ↑ MSC: Chaise longue à reglage continu, B 306. ( Memento of March 24, 2016 in the Internet Archive ). In: Vitra Design Museum .
  11. ^ Le Corbusier (Charles-Édouard Jeanneret), Pierre Jeanneret, Charlotte Perriand: Easy Chair (Fauteuil Grand Confort) 1928. In: Museum of Modern Art ( MoMA ), accessed October 14, 2019.
personal data
SURNAME Perriand, Charlotte
BRIEF DESCRIPTION French interior designer, furniture designer, architect
DATE OF BIRTH October 24, 1903
PLACE OF BIRTH Paris
DATE OF DEATH October 27, 1999
Place of death Paris