Christoph Wilhelm Gatterer

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Christoph Wilhelm Jacob Gatterer, ca.1815

Christoph Wilhelm Jacob Gatterer (born November 29, 1759 in Göttingen , † September 11, 1838 in Heidelberg ) was a German university professor and forest scientist .

family

Gatterer was the second eldest son of the Göttingen scholar Johann Christoph Gatterer . His mother was Helena Barbara Schubart (also: Schubert, 1728–1806), the daughter of a Nuremberg Büttner , calibration master and constable of the artillery. Gatterer had ten siblings, some of whom died young. One sister was Magdalene Philippine, the later poet Philippine Engelhard . Another sister, Johanna Magdalena (1762–1850), married Georg Wolfgang Eichhorn (1760–1830), a Hochgräflich-Pückler personal physician to Lauffen (also: Laufen), city physician to Hersbruck and personal physician to Nuremberg.

Gatterer married Justina Amalia, born on April 9, 1787 in Hohnstedt near Northeim . Klingsöhr (1767–1863), a daughter of August Conrad Klingsöhr (1737–1818), the superintendent of Hohnstedt. The couple had two daughters: Helena Christina (1796–1808) and Clementine Helene (1800–1878). Both remained unmarried, the younger one worked as her father's secretary for many years. The later sale of the “ Gatterer apparatus ” as well as other collections of documents from her father to Switzerland came mainly from her.

University professor

After attending a high school in Göttingen, Gatterer was enrolled on January 3, 1778 as the son of a professor "honoris causa" at the philosophical faculty of the Göttingen University . He studied economic sciences (then: Cameralia ) and received his doctorate in 1787 .

Until 1787 he worked in Göttingen as a private lecturer for mineralogy and natural history . In this position he led technological excursions to various mines in the Harz Mountains , such as the Dorothea mine near Clausthal in 1783, 1785 and 1786, as well as to others in Allmerode and Allendorf . The knowledge gained in this way later flowed into the work Instructions on how to travel the Harz and other mines with benefit , which is one of the most important contemporary historical, scientific works on the Harz.

At the age of 28, Gatterer was appointed full professor of camera science and technology at the University of Heidelberg in 1787 . He succeeded Johann Heinrich Jung-Stilling , who had moved to Marburg . In 1797 he was appointed professor of diplomacy there . By 1838 Gatterer developed a broad teaching activity at the "Ruperto Carola" in the disciplines he represented. During this time he also developed into a widely recognized forest specialist. From 1796 to 1807 he published the New Forest Archive to expand forest and hunting science and forest and hunting literature .

In 1790 Gatterer became "Kurpfälzischer real mountain ridge" and from 1805 "Grand Ducal Badischer Oberforstrat".

Other activities

Gatterer was also practically involved as a forest botanist and garden architect . He was significantly involved in the design and planting of Schwetzingen Park and in 1804 in the construction of a tree line on the Heidelberg castle terrace .

Director of the Heidelberg Castle Gardens

From around 1803 Gatterer was director of the Heidelberg Castle Gardens. On June 12, 1804, Grand Duke Karl Friedrich in Heidelberg had him explain the plan of an economic-forest botanical garden in the palace garden for the university. The proposal made was accepted by the Grand Duke.

Originally, Gatterer had consulted the Schwetzingen horticultural director Friedrich Ludwig von Sckell for the planning , but he received a call to Munich in March 1804. His successor, gardening inspector Johann Michael Zeyher , was a key partner in Gatterer's design and implementation of the plans. Seed nurseries, tree nurseries, fruit plantations and sample fields for cereals were laid out on raised terraces. In 1808 the construction of the facility was finished. The garden was then subordinate to the State Economic Section of the Philosophical Faculty and developed into a popular excursion destination for Heidelberg residents.

The Gatterer apparatus

After his father's death in 1799, his university teaching collection, the so-called “Gatterer apparatus”, passed to his son. He built the collection in the following decades significantly and systematically, where he particularly from the Reichsdeputationshauptschluss carried secularization benefited the Rhenish monasteries. Gatterer acquired extensive collections of old Palatinate and Worms monastery documents and incorporated them into the apparatus. This enabled important archival material to be saved from destruction during the turmoil of the French Revolution .

Gatterer not only expanded the collection, he also sold parts of the apparatus. He presumably sold holdings to the French Count Charles de Graimberg , who was then living in Heidelberg.

In addition to the continuation of his father's collection, Gatterer had set up his own, predominantly forest-oriented book collection. In 1818 the King of Württemberg bought this collection for the University Library of Tübingen . The collection included a large number of prints on agriculture, forestry and hunting, technology, natural history and mining as well as an extensive collection of literature on the Harz Mountains.

Memberships

  • Societas Regia Scientiarium Gottingensis (1787)
  • Royal Historical Institute Göttingen (1787)
  • Physical-Economic Society Heidelberg (1790)
  • Leipzig Economic Society (1798)
  • Brunswick-Lüneburg Agricultural Society (1799, external member)
  • Mathematical-Physical Society Erfurt (1799)
  • Hallische Naturforschende Gesellschaft (1799)
  • Cameralistic-Economic Society in Erlangen (1811)
  • Society for the Promotion of Natural Sciences in Marburg (1817)
  • Frankfurt Society for the Advancement of Useful Arts (1817, corresponding member)
  • Society for the Promotion of Natural Sciences in Freiburg (1833)
  • Kunstverein Mannheim (1836)
  • Mannheim Association for Natural History (1836)
  • Agricultural Association Ettlingen (unknown)

Honorary memberships

  • Pegnese Flower Order (Order name: Myrtillus IV. Christblume, 1794)
  • Physical-Economic Society Heidelberg (1807)
  • Forest and Hunting Society (1797)
  • Jena Mineralogical Society (1798)
  • Hessen-Cassel Society of Agriculture and the Arts (1799)
  • Wetterau Society for Healthy Natural History (1808)

Fonts

In addition to his teaching activities, Gatterer was a very productive writer on a wide variety of specialist subjects: zoology, mining and forestry, commercial science and agriculture, trade and technology.

The forest science treatises are outstanding among his journalistic work. In the General Repertory of Forest and Hunting Literature, together with critical remarks on the value of the individual writings, he compiled the existing forestry literature and gave it a critical assessment. Wilhelm Gottfried Moser von Filsecks (1729–1793) started the forest archive in 1788 to expand forest and hunting science and forest and hunting literature , and continued in 1796 in collaboration with other specialist authors under the title New Forest Archive .

  • Treatise on the benefits and harms of animals, the types of trapping, etc. , 2 parts, 1781–1783
  • Directory of the most distinguished writers on parts of the mining industry , 2 items, 1786–1787
  • Natural history ABC book , 2 parts, 1789 (further editions 1792 and 1808)
  • Treatise on the Russian Trade Ranks , 1789
  • Treatise on the trade rank of the Ottoman Turks , 3 sections, 1790–1792
  • Treatise on the fur trade, especially the British , 1794
  • General repertory of forest science literature , Ulm 1796
  • Forest calendar , 1798
  • General repertory of the entire literature on mining, mineralogy and salt works , 2 volumes, 1798–1799
  • Additions to von Drais ' treatise on the Lerchenbaum , 1801
  • Treatise on the diminution of field mice , 1803
  • List of those stuffed animals that are in the collection at Heidelberg Castle . With addendum from 1810, 1808
  • Literature of viticulture of all nations, from the oldest to the most recent times, together with reviews and the most important literary references , 1832

Gatterer was editor of:

  • Technological Magazine , 1790–1794
  • New Forest Archives , 1796–1807
  • Annals of Forest and Hunting Science , Volume 1 (together with Christian Peter Laurop ), 1811

literature

  • A. Rothert, M. Peters (Ed.): General Hanoverian biography. First volume: Hannoversche men and women since 1866. , Sponholtz, Hannover 1912–1916
  • Landesforstverwaltung (Hrsg.): Biography of important forest people from Baden-Württemberg. Self-published by the state forest administration of Baden-Württemberg, Stuttgart 1980
  • Viktor Carl: Lexicon of the Palatinate personalities. , Hennig, Edenkoben 1998
  • Karl Heinz Debus: The Gatterer Apparatus. State Archives Speyer. Ed .: Kulturstiftung der Länder and Landesarchiv Speyer, ISSN  0941-7036 , Speyer 1998
  • Walther Killy, Rudolf Vierhaus (ed.): German Biographical Encyclopedia. Saur, Munich et al. 1995–1999
  • Dagmar Drüll: Heidelberg scholars lexicon . Springer, Berlin et al
  • Rudolf Eckart : Lexicon of Lower Saxony writers from the oldest times to the present. Zickfeldt, Osterwieck 1891
  • Richard Heß: Pictures of the lives of outstanding foresters and mathematicians, naturalists and economists who have earned their merit in forestry. Berlin 1885
  • Wolfgang Ollrog (adaptation): Johann Christoph Gatterer, the founder of scientific genealogy. An examination of the previously known sources and publications about his origins, his life and work as well as his descendants. On behalf of the Genealogical-Heraldic Society based in Göttingen, Archive for Family Research and All Related Areas with Practical Research Aid, Volume 47, Issue 81/82, February 1981, CA Starke Verlag, Limburg / Lahn 1981, pp. 28ff.
  • Friedrich August Schmidt, Bernhard Friedrich Voigt (Ed.): New Nekrolog der Deutschen. Voigt, Ilmenau et al. 1824–1856
  • Friedrich von Weech, A. Krieger (ed.): Badische Biographien , Bassermann et al., Heidelberg et al. 1875–1906
  • Richard Hess:  Gatterer, Christoph . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 8, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1878, p. 409 f.

Web links

References and comments

  1. a b Wolfgang Ollrog (adaptation): Johann Christoph Gatterer… , see LitVerz.
  2. Allgemeine Literaturzeitung Numero 331.  ( Page no longer available , search in web archivesInfo: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. December 2, 1793@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / zs.thulb.uni-jena.de  
  3. ^ Eike Wolgast: The University of Heidelberg 1386-1986. Springer, Berlin 1986, ISBN 3-540-16829-X , p. 82 ( digitized versionhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3D~GB%3D2VVryxu3tIkC~IA%3D~MDZ%3D%0A~SZ%3DPA82~ double-sided%3D~LT%3D~PUR%3D ).
  4. a b c d e Heidelberger Geschichtsverein e. V., Willi Morlock and Hansjoachim Räther (responsible), Christoph Wilhelm Jacob Gatterer ("son")
  5. Grand Ducal Baden State and Government Gazette. Baden 1805, p. 110 ( digitized versionhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3D~GB%3DFs0VAAAAYAAJ~IA%3D~MDZ%3D%0A~SZ%3DRA1-PA110~ double-sided%3D~LT%3D~PUR%3D ).
  6. ^ Matthias Nuding: Matthäus von Krakau. Theologian, politician, church reformer in Krakow, Prague. from the series: Late Middle Ages and Reformation - New series. Mohr Siebeck, Thübingen 2007, ISBN 978-3-16-149028-6 , p. 18 f. ( Digitized versionhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3D~GB%3DJGqWSqq5L80C~IA%3D~MDZ%3D%0A~SZ%3DPA18~ double-sided%3D~LT%3D~PUR%3D ).
  7. ^ Archival magazine. Volumes 4-6, Bayerisches Hauptstaatsarchiv (Ed.), Böhlau 1928, p. 6 ( online ).
  8. Outline of Patromonia - Edition No. 119, Der Gatterer-Apparat.  ( Page no longer available , search in web archivesInfo: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. at the Kulturstiftung der Länder@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / www.kulturstiftung.de  
  9. Holger Krahnke: The members of the Academy of Sciences in Göttingen 1751-2001 (= Treatises of the Academy of Sciences in Göttingen, Philological-Historical Class. Volume 3, Vol. 246 = Treatises of the Academy of Sciences in Göttingen, Mathematical-Physical Class. Episode 3, vol. 50). Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 2001, ISBN 3-525-82516-1 , p. 89.
  10. ^ New necrology of the Germans. from 1838, p. 1143