Chvaletín

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Chvaletín
Chvaletín does not have a coat of arms
Chvaletín (Czech Republic)
Paris plan pointer b jms.svg
Basic data
State : Czech RepublicCzech Republic Czech Republic
Region : Jihočeský kraj
District : Jindřichův Hradec
Municipality : Písečné u Slavonic
Area : 554 ha
Geographic location : 48 ° 59 '  N , 15 ° 24'  E Coordinates: 48 ° 59 '29 "  N , 15 ° 23' 59"  E
Height: 501  m nm
Residents : 50 (March 1, 2001)
Postal code : 378 72, 378 81
License plate : C.
traffic
Street: Slavětín - Chvaletín

Chvaletín ( German Qualitzen ) is a district of the municipality Písečné ( Piesling ) in South Moravia in the Czech Republic . It is located four kilometers east of Slavonice ( Zlabings ) and belongs to the Okres Jindřichův Hradec ( Neuhaus district ). The place is laid out as a longitudinal tangler village.

geography

The neighboring towns are Slavětín ( Slawathen ) in the south, Slavonice ( Zlabings ) in the west and Václavov in the east.

history

The first documentary mention was made in 1351 under the name "Chwaliczin". A later spelling is "Qweliczen". The layout of the place and the northern Bavarian "ui" dialect , which was spoken until 1945, suggests that the inhabitants of the place came from the Upper Palatinate, which distinguishes them from the areas of Znaim and Nikolsburg further east . The settlement is likely in 12/13. Century.

Although Reformation Anabaptists settled in the village, Wilhelm von Slawata demanded a return to the Catholic faith in 1602 after taking over the rule. All who refused had to emigrate. The Thirty Years War destroyed 21 of the 34 properties in town. The parish registers of the place to be in since 1647 Zlabings out. The town's first school was founded in 1784, and the children from Slawathen and Wenzelsdorf were also enrolled in Qualitzen. In 1790 a large fire destroyed numerous houses. The inhabitants of Qualitzen lived from forestry, livestock and agriculture, whereby due to the climate and the nature of the soil, viticulture, which was important further east, played no role. In addition to various types of grain, potatoes, beets and rape were also grown in the fields. In addition to a modest small business, there were two brick factories in the village.

After the First World War , the multi-ethnic state Austria-Hungary disintegrated . The Treaty of Saint-Germain 1919 declared the place, of which 97% of the inhabitants belonged to the German language group in 1910, as part of the new Czechoslovak Republic . In the interwar period, new settlers and the filling of civil servants led to an increased influx of people of Czech nationality. After the Munich Agreement , German troops in the village marched in October 1938, which until 1945 the county Waidhofen an der Thaya in Gau Lower Danube belonged.

After the end of the World War , the territories transferred to Germany in the Munich Agreement came back to Czechoslovakia . On June 7, 1945, the place was occupied by a busy group of militant Czechs, at the same time and system as the surrounding communities. It has taken some hostages and the German local population across the border to Austria sold . The hostages were then evicted. A local resident died as a result of severe abuse. Four people remained in the village. Due to the Beneš decree 108, the property of the German residents as well as the public and church German property were confiscated and placed under state administration.

Coat of arms and seal

Qualitzen carried a seal in the 17th century , which showed the inscription "D.GVALITZE" (= village of Qualitzen) and underneath a grain sheaf. From the year 1848 the place only had picture-less village temples.

Population development

census Total population Ethnicity of the inhabitants
year German Czechs Other
1880 231 231
1890 208 204 4th 0
1900 196 194 2 0
1910 202 196 6th 0
1921 221 190 18th 13
1930 207 175 28 4th
1939 179
1991 63
2001 50

Attractions

  • Chapel of the Immaculate Conception of Mary (1869)
  • Steinmarter St. Florian
  • Purgatory torture
  • Hellmarterl
  • Elementary school (1784)
  • Volunteer Fire Brigade (1929)

regional customs

Rich customs determined the course of the year for the German local residents who were expelled in 1945/46:

  • The Trinity procession to Kloster (approx. 20 km) always took place on the Sunday after Pentecost.
  • Kirtag always on the Sunday after September 22nd.
  • Grain prayers on the three days before Ascension Day
  • Upholstery dance: As soon as the music changes, a boy or girl places a cushion in front of a desired person. Then you kiss it and the upholstery carrier is eliminated from the game.
  • Haltertanz: At a signal the dancers change their partners, whereby one man always has to remain, since he plays the "Haltert".

literature

  • Walfried Blaschka, Gerald Frodl: The district of Neubistritz (South Bohemia) and the Zlabingser Ländchen from A to Z. South Moravian Landscape Council, Geislingen / Steige 2008, p. 215.
  • Felix Bornemann: Arts and Crafts in South Moravia. South Moravian Landscape Council, Geislingen / Steige 1990, ISBN 3-927498-13-0 , p. 32.
  • Hans-Jürgen Goertz : The Anabaptists. History and interpretation. Beck, Munich 1980, ISBN 3-406-07909-1 .
  • Bruno Kaukal: The coats of arms and seals of the South Moravian communities in the home districts of Neubistritz, Zlabings, Nikolsburg and Znaim. South Moravian Landscape Council, Geislingen / Steige 1992, ISBN 3-927498-16-5 , p. 199.
  • Alfred Schickel , Gerald Frodl: The history of the German South Moravians from 1945 to the present (= history of South Moravia. Vol. 3). South Moravian Landscape Council, Geislingen / Steige 2001, ISBN 3-927498-27-0 , pp. 327, 336–337, 340.

Web links

Commons : Chvaletín  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ http://www.uir.cz/katastralni-uzemi/655023/Chvaletin
  2. ^ Leopold Kleindienst: The forms of settlement, rural building and material culture in South Moravia. Contributions to the folklore of South Moravia. South Moravian Landscape Council, Geislingen / Steige 1989, ISBN 3-927498-09-2 , p. 10.
  3. ↑ Gregor Wolny : The Anabaptists in Moravia. In: Archive for customers of Austrian historical sources . Vol. 5, 1850, pp. 67-138 .
  4. ↑ Felix Ermacora : The unreached peace. St. Germain and the Consequences. 1919-1989. Amalthea, Vienna et al. 1989, ISBN 3-85002-279-X .
  5. ^ Johann Wolfgang Brügel : Czechs and Germans. 1918-1938. Nymphenburger Verlagshandlung, Munich 1967.
  6. ^ Schickel, Frodl: History of South Moravia. Volume 3. 2001, pp. 327, 336, 337, 340.
  7. ^ Peter von Chlumecky , Josef Chytil, Carl Demuth, Adolf R. von Wolfskron (eds.): The land table of the Margraviate of Moravia. Volume 2. In Commission at Nitsch and Grosse, Brünn 1856, p. 22 .
  8. ^ Josef Bartoš, Jindřich Schulz, Miloš Trapl: Historický místopis Moravy a Slezska v letech 1848–1960. Volume 9: Okresy Znojmo, Moravský Krumlov, Hustopeče, Mikulov. Profil, Ostrava 1984.
  9. ↑ http://www.czso.cz/csu/2009edicniplan.nsf/t/010028D080/$File/13810901.pdf