Thistle head of wool
Thistle head of wool | ||||||||||||
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Woolly thistle ( Cirsium eriophorum ) in Styria |
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Systematics | ||||||||||||
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Scientific name | ||||||||||||
Cirsium eriophorum | ||||||||||||
( L. ) Scop. |
The woolly seared thistle ( Cirsium eriophorum ), also woolly seared thistle , woolly thistle or monk's crown , is a species of the genus seared thistle ( Cirsium ) in the daisy family (Asteraceae).
description
The woolly thistle is a hapaxanthe herbaceous plant that reaches heights of 50 to 150 centimeters. The strong, branched stem is densely hairy with wool. The stiff leaves are usually pinnate with strong, yellow spines. The leaf margins are rolled up and the underside of the leaf is tomentose. The lowest leaves are up to 80 centimeters long.
The solitary, cup-shaped inflorescence has a diameter of about 4 to 7 centimeters (the largest of the genus) and contains many tubular flowers . The purple-colored corolla tube is 2.5 to 4.5 inches long and envelops purple-colored stamens . The shell is spherical and dense with cobweb-like, woolly hair. The flowering period extends from July to September.
The smooth and shiny achenes have a size of 3.9 to 5.4 × 2.0 to 2.4 × 1.2 to 1.5 millimeters. The pappus consists of feather-like white hair 15 to 33 millimeters long.
The number of chromosomes is 2n = 34.
Diseases
The woolen thistle is attacked by the rust fungus Puccinia cnici var. Crassiuscula .
Occurrence
The woolly thistle is common from England to the Apennines and from the Pyrenees to the northern Balkans and Turkey.
The woolly thistle thrives best over lime but can also be found on acidic soils . Typical locations are roadsides, sunny and stony soils, pastures and clearcuts. In Central Europe it is a character species of the Cirsietum eriophori from the association Onopordion acanthii.
The woolly thistle can be found from the valley up to an altitude of 2300 meters. In the Allgäu Alps , it rises in the Tyrolean part below the former Noppenhütte near Elbigenalp to an altitude of 1620 meters.
Systematics
Cirsium eriophorum belongs to the section Eriolepis (Cass.) Dumort. in the genus Cirsium .
The first publication took place under the name ( Basionym ) Carduus eriophorus by Carl von Linné . The new combination to Cirsium eriophorum (L.) Scop. was published by Giovanni Antonio Scopoli . Other synonyms for Cirsium eriophorum (L.) Scop. are: Cnicus eriophorus (L.) Roth , Cirsium chodatii Barb.-Gamp. , Cirsium dinaricum Vandas , Cirsium oviforme Gand. , Cirsium vandasii Petr. , Cirsium eriophorum subsp. britannicum Petr. , Cirsium eriophorum subsp. chodatii (Barb.-Gamp.) Rivas Mart. & al. , Cirsium eriophorum subsp. dinaricum (Vandas) Petr. , Cirsium eriophorum subsp. velenovskyi (Vandas) Petr. , Cirsium eriophorum subsp. vulgar Petr. , Cirsium velenovskyi Vandas .
Some authors also put Cirsium spathulatum (Moretti) Gaudin here as a subspecies: Cirsium eriophorum subsp. spathulatum (Moretti) Ces. It occurs in Switzerland and Italy.
literature
- Wolfgang Adler, Karl Oswald, Raimund Fischer: Excursion flora of Austria . Ed .: Manfred A. Fischer. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart / Vienna 1994, ISBN 3-8001-3461-6 .
- Xaver Finkenzeller, Jürke Grau: Alpine flowers. Recognize and determine (= Steinbach's natural guide ). Mosaik, Munich 2002, ISBN 3-576-11482-3 .
- R. Tofts: Cirsium eriophorum. In: Journal of Ecology . Volume 87, No. 3, June 1999, pp. 529-542, DOI: 10.1046 / j.1365-2745.1999.00369.x
Individual evidence
- ^ Cirsium . In: Brockhaus' Kleines Konversations-Lexikon . 5th edition. Volume 1, F. A. Brockhaus, Leipzig 1911, p. 349 .
- ^ Georg August Pritzel , Carl Jessen : The German folk names of plants. New contribution to the German linguistic treasure. Philipp Cohen, Hannover 1882, page 101. ( online ).
- ↑ a b Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 .
- ↑ Peter Zwetko: The rust mushrooms Austria. Supplement and host-parasite directory to the 2nd edition of the Catalogus Florae Austriae, III. Part, Book 1: Uredinales. , 2000, p. 26. online (PDF; 1.8 MB)
- ↑ a b c Werner Greuter : Compositae (pro parte majore). Cirsium eriophorum In: Werner Greuter & Eckhard von Raab-Straube (ed.): Compositae. at Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity .
- ↑ Erhard Dörr, Wolfgang Lippert : Flora of the Allgäu and its surroundings. Volume 2, IHW, Eching 2004, ISBN 3-930167-61-1 , pp. 638-639.
Web links
- Cirsium eriophorum (L.) Scop., Woolen thistle. In: FloraWeb.de.
- Thistle head of wool . In: BiolFlor, the database of biological-ecological characteristics of the flora of Germany.
- Profile and distribution map for Bavaria . In: Botanical Information Hub of Bavaria .
- Cirsium eriophorum (L.) Scop. s. l. In: Info Flora , the national data and information center for Swiss flora . Retrieved June 14, 2016.
- Cirsium eriophorum subsp. spathulatum (Moretti) Ces. In: Info Flora , the national data and information center for Swiss flora . Retrieved June 17, 2016.
- Thomas Meyer: Thistle data sheet with identification key and photos at Flora-de: Flora von Deutschland (old name of the website: Flowers in Swabia )
- Cirsium eriophorum at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
- Datasheet from the Online Atlas of the British and Irish Flora .
- Data sheet at Czech Botany .
- Datasheet from Tela Botanica