Coccinia

Coccinia
	Coccinia grandis
Systematics
	Nuclear eudicotyledons
	Rosids
	Eurosiden I
Order :	Pumpkin-like (Cucurbitales)
Family :	Pumpkin family (Cucurbitaceae)
Genre :	Coccinia
Scientific name
	Coccinia
	Wight & Arn.

Coccinia is a genus of the cucurbit family (Cucurbitaceae). The 25or sospecies are common in Africa , only one species, the great scarlet tendril ( Coccinia grandis ), originally also occurs in tropical Asia .

description

Illustration from The Botanical register, panel 82 from Coccinia quinqueloba

Tindola ( Coccinia grandis )

Vegetative characteristics

Coccinia species grow as climbing , perennial , herbaceous plants . Many species form a hypocotyl tuber , a few also root tubers . The cotyledons are simple, entire and with a blunt tip. The leaves are stalked or sessile, simple and usually of very variable shape. The leaves often have small glands on the underside that secrete nectar. The tendrils are simple or almost in two parts.

Generative characteristics

Coccinia species are dioeciously separated sexes ( dioecious ). The male flowers show no signs of ovary , while the female flowers have three small sterile stamens (staminodes). Under individual flowers and inflorescences there are bracts which, however, also occur on sterile nodes, so-called prorcts .

The male flowers are single, in groups or in short racemose inflorescences . The flower tube is usually short, wide and bell-shaped. The sepals are fused; the free calyx lobes mostly small and tooth-shaped. The crown is fused, five-lobed with entire lobes. The color of the petals is mostly cream-white to dark orange-yellow, more rarely with a pink tinge or snow-white. The three stamens are mostly all bithekish , rarely one has only one theka. The stamens attach to the flower tube and are mostly fused or at least hang together. The anthers are also connected to a spherical head; they are rarely free. The connectors are wide, the counters are curved in an S-shape.

The female flowers are solitary, rarely in racemose inflorescences. The ovary contains many horizontal standing ovules . The ovary below consists of three carpels . The stigma of each carpel is either bulbous or three-lobed.

The fruit is spherical to ellipsoidal or cylindrical with a thin wall, fleshy and red when ripe. The seeds are of an egg-shaped contour and flat and of a juice-filled casing ( Arillus surrounded).

Coccinia grandiflora

Tindola ( Coccinia grandis )

Coccinia rehmannii

Coccinia sessilifolia

Systematics and distribution

The genus Coccinia was established in 1834 by Robert Wight and George Arnott Walker Arnott in Prodromus Florae Peninsulae Indiae Orientalis , 1, pages 347-348.

The genus Coccinia belongs to the Unterertribus Benincasinae from the tribe Benincaseae in the subfamily Cucurbitoideae within the Cucurbitaceae . The sister taxon is the genus Diplocyclos .

The genus Coccinia is common in tropical to subtropical Africa , with the exception of Coccinia grandis, which also occurs in Asia . The species occur in semi-deserts up to rainforests and even in mountain rainforests. These habitats have been colonized several times independently of one another.

The genus Coccinia comprises 25 species, with three varieties also well supported by molecular data:

Coccinia abyssinica (Lam.) Cogn. : It occurs in Ethiopia.
Coccinia adoensis (A. Rich.) Cogn. : It occurs in three varieties in Africa:
- Coccinia adoensis (A.Rich.) Cogn. var. adoensis
- Coccinia adoensis var. Aurantiaca (C.Jeffrey) Holstein
- Coccinia adoensis var. Jeffreyana Holstein
Coccinia barteri (Hook. F.) Keay : It occurs in tropical Africa.
Coccinia grandiflora Cogn. : It occurs in Kenya, Tanzania, Malawi , Mozambique and Zimbabwe .
Large scarlet tendril or Tindola ( Coccinia grandis (L.) Voigt , Syn .: Coccinia indica Wight & Arn. ): It occurs in Africa and Asia.
Coccinia heterophylla (Hook. F.) Holstein : It occurs in Angola , Gabon and Zaire .
Coccinia hirtella Cogn. : It occurs in southern Africa.
Coccinia intermedia Holstein : It occurs in tropical West Africa.
Coccinia keayana R. Fern. : It occurs in tropical West Africa.
Coccinia longicarpa Jongkind : It occurs in tropical West Africa.
Coccinia mackenii Naudin ex C.Huber (Syn .: Coccinia palmata (Sond.) Cogn. ): It occurs in southern Africa.
Coccinia megarrhiza C. Jeffrey : It occurs in Ethiopia and Kenya.
Coccinia microphylla Gilg : It occurs in Ethiopia, Somalia , Kenya and Tanzania.
Coccinia mildbraedii Gilg : It occurs in tropical Africa.
Coccinia ogadensis Thulin : It occurs in Ethiopia and Somalia.
Coccinia pwaniensis Holstein : It occurs in Kenya and Tanzania.
Coccinia quinqueloba (Thunb.) Cogn. (Syn .: Bryonia quinqueloba Thunb. ): It occurs in South Africa.
Coccinia racemiflora Keraudren : It occurs in Cameroon and Gabon .
Coccinia rehmannii Cogn. : It occurs in southern and tropical Africa.
Coccinia samburuensis Holstein : It occurs in Kenya .
Coccinia schliebenii Harms : It occurs in Ethiopia, Sudan, Tanzania and Mozambique.
Coccinia senensis (Klotzsch) Cogn. : It occurs in Tanzania, Mozambique and Malawi.
Coccinia sessilifolia (Sond.) Cogn. : It occurs in two varieties in southern Africa:
- Coccinia sessilifolia (Sond.) Cogn. var. sessilifolia
- Coccinia sessilifolia var. Variifolia (A. Meeuse) Holstein
Coccinia subsessiliflora Cogn. : It occurs in tropical Africa.
Coccinia trilobata (Cogn.) C. Jeffrey : It occurs in Kenya and Tanzania.

literature

Norbert Holstein: Monograph of Coccinia (Cucurbitaceae). In: PhytoKeys , Volume 54, August 2015, pp. 1–166, doi: 10.3897 / phytokeys.54.3285 .

Individual evidence

↑ ^a ^b Alexander Kocyan, Li-Bing Zhang, Hanno Schaefer, Susanne S. Renner : A multi-locus chloroplast phylogeny for the Cucurbitaceae and its implications for character evolution and classification. In: Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution , Volume 44, August 2007, pp. 553-577. doi : 10.1016 / j.ympev.2006.12.022 , full text (PDF; 381 kB)
↑ Norbert Holstein, Susanne S. Renner: A dated phylogeny and collection records reveal repeated biome shifts in the African genus Coccinia (Cucurbitaceae). In: BMC Evolutionary Biology 11:28, doi: 10.1186 / 1471-2148-11-28 .
↑ Norbert Holstein: Monograph of Coccinia (Cucurbitaceae). In: PhytoKeys , Volume 54, August 2015, pp. 1–166, doi: 10.3897 / phytokeys.54.3285 .
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v ^w ^x ^y Coccinia in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved January 18, 2020.

Web links

Commons : Coccinia - Collection of Images, Videos and Audio Files

[Kocyan2007-1] Alexander Kocyan, Li-Bing Zhang, Hanno Schaefer, Susanne S. Renner : A multi-locus chloroplast phylogeny for the Cucurbitaceae and its implications for character evolution and classification. In: Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution , Volume 44, August 2007, pp. 553-577. doi : 10.1016 / j.ympev.2006.12.022 , full text (PDF; 381 kB)

[Holstein2011-2] Norbert Holstein, Susanne S. Renner: A dated phylogeny and collection records reveal repeated biome shifts in the African genus Coccinia (Cucurbitaceae). In: BMC Evolutionary Biology 11:28, doi: 10.1186 / 1471-2148-11-28 .

[Holstein2015-3] Norbert Holstein: Monograph of Coccinia (Cucurbitaceae). In: PhytoKeys , Volume 54, August 2015, pp. 1–166, doi: 10.3897 / phytokeys.54.3285 .

[GRIN-4] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v ^w ^x ^y Coccinia in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved January 18, 2020.