Communications way

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A communication path or communication path is a connection path in or between places. The “communication” here is originally the connection in the medieval fortifications.

Scope of terms

Communication

“Communication from Latin means connection. Communication routes connected the streets leading there along the city wall or different urban areas or localities or districts. The community or connecting paths in the village led in most cases to the gardens or fields. "

In the Middle Ages, cities were mostly built up to the city wall by residential houses in order to make the best possible use of the space within the fortifications. The connection between the city ​​gates , which were mostly closed from sunset to sunrise, often ran along the outside of the city wall. This is how the connection was established ( communication ), so communications were connecting paths .

In the broader sense of the word, the term also extended to other connecting routes, so the routes taken by city dwellers to fields and gardens became "communication". This led to the overlapping of terms with Landstrasse and Chaussee, as illustrated by the example of public road construction law in the Kingdom of Saxony. It was inevitable that the state authorities issued regulations for their road law and laid down definitions for communications routes, as can be demonstrated using the example of Braunschweig. Here traffic routes became state roads; Communications routes ("which are intended to connect the localities and districts with one another or with the state roads or railways"); Streets in cities, villages and towns; public footpaths; A distinction is made between field and tub paths and private paths.

Communications way

In the early 19th century, communication ran around the entire city of Berlin on the rural side as a coherent traffic route. In the address book of the year 1801 there is this statement: "The communication around the whole city is 4033  Ruthen 20165 paces or 2 German miles and 165 paces."

Until the end of the 19th century, the general term “communication route” referred to main routes (connections) between places with greater distances.

With the expansion of the cities towards the end of the 18th century, land on these roads (outside of city walls) was built on and the sometimes popular names originally used became the basis of the new street name. Later, out of civic pride of the residents, the (medieval-looking) Communication was renamed again, as was not only done on the northeast side of the Berlin excise wall in the course of Torstrasse .

"City [Dresden]. Large Elbe bridge of beautiful construction in an excellent area, it is the only communication of the old and new town, therefore full of life "

- Karl Friedrich Schinkel : Travel to Italy. First voyage 1803–1805

With the development of urban structures in the formerly rural areas around the settlement centers, residents and neighbors wanted to express this in the route descriptions. Village streets became main streets, and the roads were renamed streets by paving the country roads. However, old corridor and path names were also retained or were refreshed in the case of later newly created streets (examples can be found under the districts of Berlin: Streets and squares in Berlin and similar articles).

Black way

A street name with a comparable embossing is the still traditional and still used designation Schwarzer Weg for streets that run unpaved or with a simple design, possibly with black pavement, between districts or that lead as a wide path through parks or garden colonies. The “Black Path” is often only referred to in this way in unofficial, unofficial usage. Such routes often remain unnamed in city maps or they are marked with other names. The cause of such omission is partly that today's paths do not meet the requirements of an "officially dedicated road". On the other hand, the name was sometimes left or re-used when new roads were laid and redesigned as settlement areas. One example is the Schwarze Weg in Berlin-Tegel , which begins as a driveway and turns into a hiking trail.

Another often used term for such connections leading through settlement areas without official confirmation is Lost Path . This designation goes back mainly to the used, but (apparently) aimless directions.

Examples

Communications way

Urmes table sheet Berlin-Nord around 1840 with the communication route in the northeast around Berlin marked near the soft tissue border of Berlin

It is the older name of several streets in Berlin. For example, Danziger Strasse bore this name from 1822 to February 23, 1874. It connected the north-east Berlin arterial roads : Schönhauser Allee , Prenzlauer Allee , Greifswalder Strasse , Landsberger Allee . The Gaillardstrasse in Pankow , also on the edge of the rural community to the meadows and gardens, was called Communikationsweg until 1903 , a further example is the Communikationsweg in French Buchholz on the table sheet from 1871, in the course of which the Gartenstrasse is roughly today. The entire inner path along the Berlin customs wall bore the appropriate name in sections; for example the Brandenburger Communication between the Brandenburg Gate and Potsdamer Tor (today: Ebertstraße ). In 1875 the communication route in front of the Landsberger Thor in Friedrichshain was renamed Friedensstrasse. In Gesundbrunnen , the Communicationsweg on the Stettiner Bahn was renamed Grüntaler Straße on September 26, 1865. In Lichtenberg the Communicationsweg became a connecting route around 1900 and led from the former Frankfurter Chaussee south to Oberweg. In 1972 it was built over by the Frankfurter Allee Süd district . As an example, there is a list of communications in the Allgemeine Wohnungsanzeiger for Berlin, Charlottenburg and surrounding areas for the year 1845 , such as “Communication zw. D. Anhaltschen u. Halleschen b. to dragoon barracks excl. this u. des Haus 21 "or" Communication v. Oranienb. Thor bhd Linienstraße ”.

There are also channels of communication in other communities.

  • The communication path in Bonn-Röttgen leads through a park area.
  • In the district of Peine , the Communikationsweg (today: Holzmark) in Sophiental led over three kilometers to Bortfeld .
  • In Dresden , the Grunaer Communicationsweg exists today as Geisingstraße.
  • The street called Communicationsweg in Leverkusen in 1830 was renamed Sandweg in 1908.
  • The communications route from Eickel to Bickern (today: Wanne) is now the main road, as recorded in the Eickel community atlas from 1923.
  • Coswig (district Meissen) : "At present, should the parties interested this Communicationsweg because of the transformation of Coswiger Bahnhofsanlage in Coswiger corridor - without appropriate compensation for confiscated, - in spite of the right to preservation of this path." ( Petition of the communities coswig and Kötitz ... )

Black way

In the state of Berlin five streets (RBS class STRA) in the districts of Tegel (4071), Wilhelmstadt (5817), Mitte (43237), Schmöckwitz (43785) and Oberschöneweide (44711) are included in the street directory. According to the OKSTRA categories , two of them are marked as municipal roads , two as forest paths and one as non-public. The Schwarze Weg in Berlin-Tegel begins as a driveway and turns into a hiking trail that leads around Lake Tegel. At the beginning of the 20th century - when there was another need for transport - this was the route to get from the Tegel estate to the Tegelort with the villa colony that was being built.

In Münster there was a complaint about a "black path", which was probably already marked on a map in 1811. For several decades it had belonged to private property and no longer existed as a path. According to the judge, however, the right to re-establishment can only exist if the path has been continuously used in public with the consent of the owner of the property despite the private property. "The path has not existed for decades, the area now belongs to the neighbors."

A "Lost Way" until his appointment in 1870 to the 1740 reasoned public park Friedrichshain earned this designation in the map series is a connecting path from Berlin (probably) outside the Königstors to the estate, and later the rural community and suburban Weissensee.

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Johann Georg Krünitz, Friedrich Jakob Floerken et al .: Mini Art . In: Economical-Technological Encyclopedia . Volume 91, Berlin 1803, p. 415 ( online in the Google book search).
  2. ↑ a b Communicationsweg . In: Street name lexicon of the Luisenstädtischer Bildungsverein
  3. ^ FW Meinert: Principles of the public road construction law applicable in the Kingdom of Saxony . Teubner, Leipzig 1844, pp. 45 ff. § 12 ( online in the Google book search).
  4. ↑ Law and Ordinance Collection for the Herzoglich-Braunschweigische Lande , 58th year, Braunschweig 1871, p. 37 ff ( online in the Google book search).
  5. ↑ Duke Braunschweig's forest and hunting laws, ordinances, instructions and other orders . In: St. Behlen (Ed.): Archives of the forest and hunting legislation of the German federal states . 3rd volume (new series), 1st issue. Wagner's bookstore, Freiburg im Breisgau 1844, p. 2 ( online in Google Book Search).
  6. ^ Street register . In: Karl Neander von Petersheiden: Illustrative Tables , 1801, street representations and residents, p. 216.
  7. ^ Johann Ludwig Klüber: European international law . 1st volume, Cottasche Buchhandlung, Stuttgart 1821, p. 221, 1st cap. Law of State Property, No. 4: Grand Duke. Bergischer CommunicationsWeg… ( online in the Google book search).
  8. ^ Karl Friedrich Schinkel : Travel to Italy. First voyage 1803–1805 . Aufbau-Verlag, Berlin / Weimar 1994, ISBN 3-351-02269-7 .
  9. ↑ Communication channels on alt-berlin.info
  10. ↑ Ralf Gänsrich: King Friedrich II had 5 windmills built . In: Prenzlberg Views , 21st year, September 2013, page 8.
  11. ↑ Gartenstrasse. In: Street name lexicon of the Luisenstädtischer Bildungsverein (near  Kaupert )
  12. ↑ Proof of streets and squares . In: General housing indicator for Berlin, Charlottenburg and surroundings , 1845, 5, p. 808.
  13. ↑ Local history Sophiental 1891 ( Memento from January 7, 2014 in the Internet Archive )
  14. ^ Borsbergstrasse - traffic
  15. ^ Street directory Leverkusen Retrieved October 7, 2011
  16. ↑ Main street in Wanne
  17. ↑ Coswig-Kötitzer bridge history: 110 years of the Kötitzer Straße railway bridge ( memento from July 31, 2012 in the web archive archive.today ), Coswiger Anzeiger from November 17, 2005 (petition by the municipalities of Coswig and Kötitz and neighboring municipalities against the confiscation envisaged without sufficient replacement of the Coswig-Kötitzer Communicationsweg as a public route pages of the Royal State Government for railway purposes).
  18. ↑ Spatial data infrastructure: Geodienst - RBS address service ( Memento from May 18, 2015 in the Internet Archive )
  19. ↑ Hamburger Abendblatt : Münster: Homeowner loses trial for "Black Path" . April 21, 2015. “Even a card from 1811 could not convince the judge. According to the judgment, the 'Black Path' could only have been reopened if it had clearly been a public path earlier. That would be the case, for example, if it had been used as a public road since 'human memory' with the tolerance of the actual owner. This cannot be proven in the current case. "