Common cotoneaster

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Common cotoneaster
illustration

illustration

Systematics
Family : Rose family (Rosaceae)
Subfamily : Spiraeoideae
Tribe : Pyreae
Sub tribus : Pome fruit family (Pyrinae)
Genre : Medlars ( Cotoneaster )
Type : Common cotoneaster
Scientific name
Cotoneaster integerrimus
Medic.

The cotoneaster integerrimus or rock cotoneaster ( Cotoneaster integerrimus ) is a deciduous, up to 2 meters high, rotfruchtiger shrub from the group of maloideae (Pyrinae). The natural range of the species extends from Europe to China and India. It is sometimes used as an ornamental plant.

description

The common cotoneaster is a deciduous, up to 2 meters high, somewhat bulky shrub with an upright, overhanging crown. The twigs are brown or gray-brown, with round peduncles, initially densely gray-tomentose hairs but quickly balding. The leaves are divided into a petiole and a leaf blade. The petiole is 2 to 5 millimeters long and tomentose. The stipules are lanceolate, finely hairy and usually remain until the fruit is ripe. The leaf blade is simple, broadly oval, broadly ovate or rounded, 2 to 5 centimeters long and 1.3 to 2.5 centimeters (rarely from 0.5 to 3 centimeters) wide, with a pointed or blunt, usually prickly-pointed tip and a rounded base . The upper side of the leaf is dull green, glabrous or sparsely hairy with sunken leaf veins ; the underside is densely hairy gray-tomentose with protruding leaf veins.

Common cotoneaster ( Cotoneaster integerrimus ), blooming
Leaves and fruits
Common cotoneaster ( Cotoneaster integerrimus )

The flowers grow in umbrella panicles 1.5 to 2.5 centimeters in diameter from 2 to 5 sometimes 7 flowers with a bald or finely hairy spindle. The bracts are lanceolate and finely hairy. The flower stalks, like the inflorescence spindle, are glabrous or finely hairy and 3 to 6 millimeters long. The flowers are 8 millimeters in diameter. The flower cup is bell-shaped, glabrous or finely hairy on the outside and releases nectar. The sepals are triangular-oval, blunt, 1 to 1.5 millimeters long and 1 to 2 millimeters wide. The petals are erect, pink, rounded, about 3 millimeters wide, with a blunt tip and a nailed base. The 15 to 20 stamens are about the same length as the petals. The tip of the ovary is finely haired. The two or rarely three free-standing styles are shorter than the stamens. Pollination takes place by wasps, mostly field wasps of the genus Polistes . The female carpels ripen in front of the male anthers ( pre-femininity ), but self-pollination can occur before they bloom.

The fruits are red or dark red, bare, rounded or rarely egg-shaped, berry-like apple fruits with a diameter of 6 to 7, rarely 8 millimeters, and floury pulp. Usually two, rarely three or four pips are formed per fruit. The common cotoneaster flowers from May to June, the fruits ripen from August to September. The seeds are spread by birds, especially corvids via digestion or by rodents, which bury the fruit. The propagation also takes place vegetatively through root brood .

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 68.

Occurrence and location requirements

The natural distribution area in Europe ranges from Scandinavia, Great Britain and Spain via France, Italy, Austria and Germany to Romania, Poland, the Baltic states, Ukraine and Russia. In Asia they are found in the Caucasus, Turkey and Afghanistan, Pakistan, China, Korea and India.

The common cotoneaster grows in steppes and dry forests below 2500 meters altitude on moderately dry to fresh, weakly acidic to strongly alkaline, nutrient-rich soils , often on limestone soils, in sunny to light-shaded locations. The species loves warmth, is sensitive to moisture and frost hardy . In Central Europe it is a character species of the rock pear bushes ( Cotoneastro-Amelanchieretum ), but also occurs in other societies of the Berberidion, the Erico-Pinion or the Quercetalia pubescentis order. In the Allgäu Alps, it rises to an altitude of 2100 meters.

Systematics

The Ordinary cotoneaster ( Cotoneaster integerrimus ) is a kind of the genus of cotoneaster ( Cotoneaster ). It is in the family of the rose family (Rosaceae) of the subfamily spiraeoideae, tribes of the subtribe Pyreae maloideae assigned (Pyrinae). The species was first scientifically described in 1793 by Friedrich Casimir Medicus as Cotoneaster integerrima . The generic name Cotoneaster is derived from the Latin "cotoneum malum" for the quince ( Cydonia oblonga ). The ending "aster" is a coarse form for groups of plants that are considered inferior in comparison to similar groups. The specific epithet integerrimus comes from Latin and means "with entire margins". It refers to the entire leaf blade.

use

The common coton is sometimes used as an ornamental wood because of its impressive fruits .

Common names

For the common cotoneaster there are or existed the other German-language trivial names Bergquitten, Flühbirle, Hirschbirle, Wilde Kütterberry, Whitebeam ( Tyrol ), Quince Loquat, Steinapfel ( Lucerne ), Steinmespel, Common whitebeam ( Pinzgau ), Zwergmespel and dwarf medlar.

proof

literature

  • Wu Zhengyi, Peter H. Raven, Deyuan Hong (Eds.): Flora of China . Volume 9: Pittosporaceae through Connaraceae . Science Press / Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing / St. Louis 2003, ISBN 1-930723-14-8 , pp. 97 (English).
  • Andreas Roloff , Andreas Bärtels: Flora of the woods. Purpose, properties and use. With a winter key from Bernd Schulz. 3rd, corrected edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2008, ISBN 978-3-8001-5614-6 , p. 231.
  • Ruprecht Düll , Herfried Kutzelnigg : Pocket dictionary of plants in Germany. A botanical-ecological excursion companion to the most important species . 6th, completely revised edition. Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2005, ISBN 3-494-01397-7 , p. 148 .
  • Jost Fitschen: Woody flora . 12th, revised and expanded edition. Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2007, ISBN 3-494-01422-1 , p. 438 .
  • Helmut Genaust: Etymological dictionary of botanical plant names. 3rd, completely revised and expanded edition. Nikol, Hamburg 2005, ISBN 3-937872-16-7 (reprint from 1996).

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ German name according to Roloff et al .: Flora der Gehölze , p. 231.
  2. ^ German name according to Fitschen: Gehölzflora , p. 438.
  3. ↑ a b c d e Zhi-Yun Zhang, Hongda Zhang, Peter K. Endress: Cotoneaster integerrimus , in: Wu Zhengyi, Peter H. Raven, Deyuan Hong (eds.): Flora of China . Volume 9: Pittosporaceae through Connaraceae . Science Press / Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing / St. Louis 2003, ISBN 1-930723-14-8 , pp. 97 (English).
  4. ↑ a b c d e Roloff et al .: Flora der Gehölze , p. 231.
  5. ↑ a b c Düll, Kutzelnigg: Pocket Lexicon of Plants in Germany , p. 148.
  6. ↑ a b Cotoneaster integerrimus. In: Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). United States Department of Agriculture, accessed April 28, 2012 .
  7. ^ Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . 8th edition. Stuttgart, Verlag Eugen Ulmer, 2001. Page 501. ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 .
  8. ↑ Erhard Dörr, Wolfgang Lippert : Flora of the Allgäu and its surroundings. Volume 2, IHW, Eching 2004, ISBN 3-930167-61-1 , p. 107.
  9. ↑ D. Potter, T. Eriksson, RC Evans, S. Oh, JEE Smedmark, DR Morgan, M. Kerr, KR Robertson, M. Arsenault, TA Dickinson, CS Campbell: Phylogeny and classification of Rosaceae . Plant Systematics and Evolution, Volume 266, 2007, pp. 5-43. doi : 10.1007 / s00606-007-0539-9
  10. ↑ Exactly: Etymological Dictionary of Botanical Plant Names , p. 181.
  11. ↑ Exactly: Etymological Dictionary of Botanical Plant Names , p. 307.
  12. ^ Georg August Pritzel , Carl Jessen : The German folk names of plants. New contribution to the German linguistic treasure. Philipp Cohen, Hannover 1882, p. 115. ( online ).

Web links

Commons : Cotoneaster integerrimus  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Cotoneaster integerrimus. In: The Plant List. Retrieved April 28, 2012 .