Cranbrook (Kent)
| Cranbrook | |||
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| Coordinates | 51 ° 6 ′ N , 0 ° 32 ′ E | ||
| OS National Grid | TQ775365 | ||
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| Residents | 5400 | ||
| surface | 33.3 km² (12.86 mi² ) | ||
| Population density: | 162 inhabitants per km² | ||
| administration | |||
| Post town | Cranbrook | ||
| ZIP code section | TN17 | ||
| prefix | 01530 | ||
| Part of the country | England | ||
| region | South East England | ||
| Shire county | Kent | ||
| District | Tunbridge Wells | ||
| Website: http://www.cranbrook.org/ | |||
Cranbrook is a small town in Kent in South East England , which was given market rights by Archbishop Peckham in 1290 . The place is on the Maidstone to Hastings road about five miles north of Hawkhurst . Cranbrook forms a parish with Sissinghurst and other smaller settlements such as Colliers Green or Hartley . Cranbrook is classified as a small rural supply center .
Origin of name
The name of the place is derived from the old English cran broc , which can be translated as crane - break . The name suggests a former wetland with abundant wildlife. The spelling has changed over time, from Cranebroca around 1100 to the Cranebroc form, documented in 1226, and the Cranbrooke form of the early 17th century to today's Cranbrook.
history
economy
After the market rights were granted, Cranbrook developed into a center for local cloth manufacturing. In addition, there were iron processing plants nearby on the River Teise . When the production of cloth became less and less important, agriculture again became the economic basis of the place and has remained so to this day.
church
The local church was dedicated to St. Dunstan's and is often referred to as the "Cathedral of the Weald" to this day. The present church dates mostly from the middle of the 16th century, but can be traced back to the 11th century. Some of the stained glass windows, one of which shows Sir Robert Guilford's pilgrimage to the Holy Land , are also from the 16th century. The 30 m high tower was completed in 1425 and has a prototype of the tower clock for Big Ben in London.
Mills
There were about seventeen watermills on the River Beult . However, Cranbrook is better known for its historically documented four windmills , one of which survived into the 21st century.
- Windmill Hill: This mill is listed on maps of Kent in 1736 and 1769. It was about 400 meters west-northwest of the church.
- Saint's Hill: This mill is listed on a map of Kent in 1769. It was located approximately 2.6 km northeast of the church.
- Cranbrook Common: This mill is said to have been a largely hand-operated Dutch windmill . It is recorded on maps from 1858 and 1872. The mill operated until 1876 and was demolished in 1902 and was located approximately 2.8 km north-northeast of the church.
- Union Mill: One of the windmills still in existence in Kent today. The Union Mill was built for Henry Dobell in 1814 and, after the final conclusion of his bankruptcy proceedings , was managed by the Russell family from 1832. It has been owned by County Kent since 1960 and has been extensively restored. The mill is about 400 m southeast of the church.
art
During the second half of the 19th century there was a local group of painters known as the " Cranbrook Colony ". The works of its members mainly show scenes from everyday and family life in rural Kent at the time.
brewery
In the district of Baker's Cross there was already a mill in the early 16th century and later a factory for cloth manufacture, which was abandoned at the end of the 16th century. A farm and a brick factory were located here until the end of the 18th century, and a brewery began to be built at the end of the 18th century. After a few changes of ownership, it experienced a significant boom under the management of the Tooth family. The brewery is considered to be one of the foundations of the Australian Tooth & Co. brewery. By 1900 the brewery was a thriving operation and an important local economic factor. In the course of the concentration of English breweries, it was bought by larger companies in 1928 and gradually shut down in the following years. Today only a few remnants of the brewery are visible in Baker's Cross.
Cranbrook in the early 21st century
There is a small business center in Cranbrook and branches of six different banking institutions.
The place has a variety of state and private schools covering the major branches of the English school system .
Important sports clubs are the Cranbrook Football Club ( soccer ) and the Cranbrook Rugby Football Club ( rugby ). The Weald Sports Center is a commercial sports center with a variety of indoor and outdoor courts, including tennis courts, and an indoor swimming pool.
The local Queen's Hall Theater is part of the Cranbrook School. It supports local and regional theater groups such as the Cambridge Footlights and the Cranbrook Opera and Dramatic Society. The local pantomime group stages a different show program every year. The theater is also one of the venues for the Cranbrook Town Band, a brass band that has been in existence since the 1920s and has made guest appearances in other locations in Kent.
The museum Cranbrook Museum gives an overview of local history.
Infrastructure
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In the 19th century, the place received a railway connection and a station in Hartley. The operation of the railway was stopped in 1961, the systems are dismantled today.
The A229 runs roughly through the town in a north-south direction and is crossed by the A262 north of Cranbrook, which runs in an east-west direction . The nearest train station is Staplehurst , there is a connection to the Arriva long-distance bus network.
Known residents
- Boyd Alexander (1873–1910), officer, researcher and ornithologist.
- Frederick Daniel Hardy (1827–1911), painter and member of the Cranbrook Colony
- Harry Hill (born 1964), comedian
- Piers Sellers (born 1955), astronaut
- Tim Smit (* 1954), founder of the Eden Project
- Robert Tooth (1821-1893), Australian businessman and brewery owner
- Arthur Tooth (1839–1931), clergyman in the Church of England
Others
"Cranbrook" is the title of a hymn that Thomas Clark of Canterbury wrote around 1805 and which later became popular as the Christmas carol " While Shepherds Watched Their Flocks ".
The settlement of Cranbrook in British Columbia was named after his hometown by its founder James Baker.
The Kent-based writer HE Bates characterized Cranbrook in one of his best-known novels as follows:
"Cranbrook is a village giving the impression of trying to remember what once made it important."
"The town of Cranbrook gives the impression that it is trying to keep up the memory of what made it once important."
literature
- Cranbrook A Wealden Town , CCR Pile (1955)
- William Coles Finch: Watermills and Windmills . CW Daniel Company, London 1933, p. 188-91 .
- Friends of St. Dunstans (Ed.): A Quick Tour of St. Dunstan's church . ( online [PDF; accessed December 14, 2016]).
- Wikisource (Ed.): 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica / Cranbrook . 2016 ( online [accessed March 15, 2017]). Entry on Cranbrook in the Encyclopædia Britannica of 1911
- Tony Singleton: The History of Baker's Cross, Part 1 and 2 . In: Cranbrook Museum (ed.): Cranbook Journal . 4 and 7 ( online on the author's homepage [accessed on March 16, 2017]). ; Index of the Cranbrook Journal on the Cranbrook Museum homepage.
Individual evidence
- ↑ Kent & Medway Structure Plan 2006 , p. 91. Retrieved March 15, 2017.
- ↑ a b History of Cranbrook on the Cranbrook and Sissinghurst Parish home page. Retrieved March 15, 2017.
- ^ Judith Glover: The Place Names of Kent . ISBN 0-905270-61-4 .
- ^ PH Reaney: The Origin of English Place Names . ISBN 0-7100-2010-4 .
- ↑ Own representation of the parish. Retrieved December 14, 2016.
- ^ History of the Union Mill. Retrieved December 9, 2016.
- ↑ Summary of the Cranbrook Colony on the Cranbrook Museum homepage. Retrieved December 13, 2016.
- ^ Entry for Tooth & Co in the Australian Business Records. Retrieved March 16, 2017.
- ↑ Bank branches in Cranbrook on "The Investing Site". Retrieved March 15, 2017.
- ^ List of schools on the Cranbrook City website. Retrieved March 15, 2017.
- ↑ Homepage ( Memento of the original from December 8, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. of the Weald Sports Center. Retrieved December 8, 2016.
- ↑ History and lyrics of the song While Shepherds Watched Their Flocks . Retrieved December 14, 2016.
Web links
- Homepage of the city of Cranbrook
- Homepage of St. Dunstan's Church
- Homepage of the Cranbrook Union Mill
- Homepage of the Cranbrook and Sissinghurst parish