Cruceni (Timiș)
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Cruceni, Cheresteș Kreuzstätten Torontálkeresztes, Keresztes, Keresztur Kručeni, Крућани, Крстур, Krstur |
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| Basic data | |||||
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| State : |
 Romania
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| Historical region : | Banat | ||||
| Circle : | Timiș | ||||
| Municipality : | Foeni | ||||
| Coordinates : | 45 ° 28 ' N , 20 ° 53' E | ||||
| Time zone : | EET ( UTC +2) | ||||
| Residents : | 533 (2002) | ||||
| Postal code : | 307176 | ||||
| Telephone code : | (+40) 02 56 | ||||
| License plate : | TM | ||||
| Structure and administration | |||||
| Community type : | Village | ||||
Cruceni (outdated: Cheresteș , German: Kreuzstätten , Hungarian: Torontálkeresztes , Keresztes , Keresztur , Serbian: Kručeni , Крућани , Крстур , Krstur ) is a village in Timiș County , Banat , Romania . Cruceni belongs to the municipality of Foeni .
Geographical location
Cruceni is located on the national road DN59B, close to the border with Serbia , 3 kilometers south of the municipality seat Foeni and north of Grănicerii . Cruceni is the terminus of the Timișoara -Cruceni railway line .
Neighboring places
| Serbia | Foeni | Giulvăz |
| Serbia |
.svg)
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Rudna |
| Serbia | Grănicerii | Gad |
history
The first documentary mention dates back to 1772, when Kreuzstätten was founded by German settlers. The village is laid out according to the pattern of the Banat Swabian villages in a chessboard shape with wide, perpendicular streets. In 1780 the first Catholic church was built. The current church dates from 1914.
Until 1778 Kreuzstätten was part of the Habsburg crown domain Temescher Banat . After the Austro-Hungarian Compromise (1867), when the Banat was annexed to the Kingdom of Hungary , the first Hungarians came to Kreuzstätten as tobacco farmers , which resulted in the withdrawal of the Germans. Towards the end of the 19th century, the village was mostly inhabited by Hungarians and received the official place name Torontálkeresztes , but is commonly known simply as Keresztes .
The Treaty of Trianon on June 4, 1920 resulted in the Banat being divided into three parts, whereby the village fell to the Kingdom of Romania . 1921 Cruceni becomes the official place name.
As a result of the Waffen-SS Agreement of May 12, 1943 between the Antonescu government and Hitler's Germany , all men of German origin who were conscripted into the German army. The Germans from Romania had to pay for this after Romania switched sides on August 23, 1944. Before the end of the war, in January 1945, all ethnic German women between the ages of 18 and 30 and men between the ages of 16 and 45 were deported to the Soviet Union for reconstruction work .
The Land Reform Act of March 23, 1945 , which provided for the expropriation of German farmers without compensation, as former members of the German ethnic group in Romania , deprived the rural population of their livelihood. At the same time, the houses of the Germans were also expropriated without compensation. Land and farmhouses were distributed to smallholders, farm workers and colonists from other parts of the country.
The nationalization law of June 11, 1948 , which provided for the nationalization of all industrial and commercial enterprises, banks and insurance companies, resulted in the expropriation of all commercial enterprises. In the early 1950s, the collectivization of agriculture took place.
Since the population along the Romanian-Yugoslav border was classified as a security risk by the Romanian government after Stalin's rift with Tito and his exclusion from the Cominform alliance, they were deported to the Bărăgan steppe on June 18, 1951, regardless of ethnicity . At the same time, the Romanian leadership aimed to break the resistance against the impending collectivization of agriculture. When the Bărăgan abductees returned home in 1956, the houses and farms expropriated in 1945 were returned to them. However, the field ownership was collectivized.
Demographics
| census | Ethnicity | |||||||
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| year | Residents | Romanians | Hungary | German | Other | |||
| 1880 | 417 | 9 | 379 | 20th | 9 | |||
| 1910 | 974 | 9 | 956 | 4th | 5 | |||
| 1930 | 1024 | 39 | 959 | 21st | 5 | |||
| 1977 | 613 | 39 | 560 | 4th | 10 | |||
| 2002 | 533 | 228 | 286 | 2 | 17th | |||
Web links
- primariafoenitm.ro , Cruceni on the Foeni Municipality website
- banaterra.eu , Cruceni in Timiș County
- c3.hu , Torontálkeresztes