Grănicerii

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Grănicerii
Tschawosch
Csávos
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Grănicerii (Romania)
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Basic data
State : RomaniaRomania Romania
Historical region : Banat
Circle : Timiș
Municipality : Giera
Coordinates : 45 ° 26 '  N , 20 ° 53'  E Coordinates: 45 ° 26 '22 "  N , 20 ° 52' 59"  E
Time zone : EET ( UTC +2)
Residents : 247 (2002)
Postal code : 307216
Telephone code : (+40) 02 56
License plate : TM
Structure and administration (as of 2012)
Community type : Village
Mayor : Victor Hotean ( USL )
Location of Grăniceri in Timiș County

Grănicerii ( Romanian also Ciavoș , German  Tschawosch , Lichtenwald , Hungarian Csávos ) is a village in Timiș County , Banat , Romania , on the border with Serbia . Grănicerii belongs to the municipality of Giera .

Neighboring places

Novi Itebej (RS) Cruceni Rudna
Jaša Tomić (RS) Neighboring communities Dolaț
Sečanj (RS) Šurjan (RS) Toager

location

Grănicerii is located on the Romanian-Serbian border, on the left bank of Temesch , on the DN 59B Cărpiniș - Deta road . After the border was redrawn on March 24, 1924, as a result of the Treaty of Trianon , the place was moved from a central location, about 5 km from the Modosch district seat (today: Jaša Tomić ), to an isolated peripheral location. The nearby Temesch Bridge remained on Serbian soil, so there was no way to reach the villages on the right bank of Temesch. The next bridge was upstream next to the town of Cebza, about 25 km away . Grănicerii does not have its own rail connection. The terminus Cruceni on the right bank of Temesch can only be reached with the help of a boat. A few attempts had been made to build a wooden bridge between Grănicerii and Cruceni, but this was repeatedly washed away during the frequent floods of the Temesch. The nearest train connection from Grănicerii is in Giera, 17 km away .

etymology

Until 1964, the village was officially called Ciavoș (Hungarian: Csávos , German: Tschawosch ). By decree 799 of 1964 , the place was given the official name Grănicerii .

history

A place called (Villa) Csavas (Chawas) was mentioned in a document as early as the 13th century (February 9, 1247). From the papal tithe lists it can be seen that there was a parish here as early as 1333. The Csavas estate was owned by the Csanad family . This operated a mill here and collected the toll over the Temesch bridge.

After the Peace of Passarowitz on July 21, 1718, after 164 years of Turkish rule, the Banat was attached to the Habsburg Monarchy and, as the imperial crown and chamber domain, was subordinated to the Vienna government. The Habsburg colonization of the Banat began with the so-called Swabian trains .

There are 15 houses in Csavosch on the Mercy map . On May 1, 1782, Mathias Erdödy von Erdöd acquired the camera property Csavos at a auction in Vienna. Up to this point the inhabitants of the place were mostly Serbs. The first Germans were settled in 1783. In 1805 there was a second settlement with Germans. The school building was built in 1818 and the chapel in 1827. After the landlord Erdödy died in 1850, his widow leased the estate to the landlord Bogdanovich . In 1852 Ignaz Peidlhauser bought the estate. On July 1, 1867, he was raised to the nobility and from then on bore the name Ignaz von Csavossy . He renovated the manor fort and promoted the construction of the church, which was consecrated in 1896 to St. Ignace of Loyola . Later the estate passed into the possession of his son Bela . He sold it to Georg Marossy in 1902 .

On June 4, 1920, the Banat was divided into three parts as a result of the Treaty of Trianon . The largest, eastern part, to which Csavas also belonged, fell to the Kingdom of Romania . The place received the official name Grănicerii.

As a result of the Waffen-SS Agreement of May 12, 1943 between the Antonescu government and Hitler's Germany , all men of German origin who were conscripted into the German army. Before the end of the war, in January 1945, all ethnic German women between 18–30 and men between the ages of 16–45 were deported to the Soviet Union for reconstruction work .

The Land Reform Act of March 23, 1945 , which provided for the expropriation of German farmers in Romania, deprived the rural population of their livelihoods. The expropriated land was distributed to smallholders, farm workers and colonists from other parts of the country. The collectivization of agriculture was initiated in the early 1950s . Through the nationalization law of June 11, 1948 , which provided for the nationalization of all industrial and commercial enterprises, banks and insurance companies, the expropriation of all economic enterprises took place regardless of ethnicity.

Since the population along the Romanian-Yugoslav border was classified as a security risk by the Romanian government after the rift between Stalin and Tito and his exclusion from the Cominform alliance, "politically unreliable elements" were deported to the Bărăgan on June 18, 1951 . Steppe regardless of ethnicity. At the same time, the Romanian leadership aimed to break the resistance against the impending collectivization of agriculture. When the Bărăgan abductees returned home in 1956, the houses and farms expropriated in 1945 were returned to them. However, the field ownership was collectivized.

Demographics

census Ethnicity
year Residents Romanians Hungary German Serbs
1880 1023 32 141 726 124
1910 1050 10 204 695 141
1930 953 39 160 675 79
1977 331 129 55 141 6th
2002 247 194 27 11 15th

See also

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b banater-aktualitaet.de , Anton Zollner: Through the German villages of the Banat. Tsvhawosch
  2. ↑ enciclopediaromaniei.ro , Grăniceri
  3. ↑ Elke Hoffmann, Peter-Dietmar Leber , Walter Wolf : Das Banat und die Banater Schwaben, Volume 5: Cities and Villages, Munich 2011
  4. ↑ kia.hu , (PDF; 982 kB) E. Varga: Statistics of the number of inhabitants by ethnic group in the Timiș district according to censuses from 1880 - 2002